以“美好生活需要”为导向的环境权塑造

The Shaping of Environmental Rights Oriented Towards the “Needs for a Better Life”

随着我国对环境权利的人权保障水平不断提升,应将“美好生活需要”中包含的以对“更优美的环境”为主要内容的利益诉求,作为环境权形成的基础。以“美好生活需要”为导向的环境权体现了在环境满足健康需要的基础上,法律对于人对环境在精神层面感受需求一定程度上获得满足的权利回应。基于我国《民法典》一般人格权的规定以及相关司法实践制度安排,可对以“美好生活需要”为导向的环境权进行法律规范解读。在理论层面,环境权边界的确定应以容忍义务底线为参照。在相关司法实践中对于环境权的识别与保护,应在司法裁量中充分考虑合理预期保护、时间与空间因素影响以及人对环境的感受惯性等因素,在确定容忍义务限度的基础上为环境权司法保护水平的合理定位作出理性选择。

With the continuous improvement of the human rights protection of environmental rights in China, the demand for a“more beautiful environment”in the“needs for a better life”should serve as the basis for the formation of environmental rights.The environmental right oriented towards the“needs for a better life”reflects the legal response to ensure that the environment meets people’s right to spiritual needs to a certain extent when the environment meets their health needs.Based on the provisions of the general personality rights in China’s Civil Code and related judicial practice system, the legal normative interpretation of environmental rights oriented towards the“needs for a better life”can be made.At the theoretical level, the boundary of environmental rights should be determined by taking the obligation to tolerate as the bottom line.In the identification and protection of environmental rights in relevant judicial practice, factors such as protection of reasonable expectation, time and space, and the inertia of people’s environment perception should be fully considered in judicial discretion to render the positioning of judicial protection reasonable based on taking the obligation to tolerate as the bottom line.