阳明后学的复卦诠释进路及其走向——以王畿、颜钧、罗汝芳为中心

The Interpretative Approach and Trend of the Fu Hexagram by Yangming’s Followers:Focusing on the Hermeneutics of Wang Ji,Yan Jun and Luo Rufang

阳明后学对《周易》复卦的诠释主要集中于宇宙图景和工夫次序的表达,在宋明诸儒中特色鲜明。王畿、颜钧、罗汝芳等人主导王门后学的复卦诠释方向,不仅形成了以“天地之心”“不远复”与“七日来复”为中心的诠释主题,还在各自的诠释进路中显现出王门后学的易学话语特征与走向。王畿、罗汝芳以主体化的方式将“天地之心”的本体主宰义消解于当下造化之机,从而逸出朱子与阳明的复卦诠释方向。“不远复”被阳明后学视为第一义工夫,王畿、罗汝芳将其界定为一念即觉的见在、现成工夫,聂豹则指出其诠释进路易流于自然感应知觉的弊病。“七日来复”在颜钧强调本心发用流行、率性而为的诠释视野下,突显出心学的主体体验性与工夫次序性,为心学工夫的宗教性神秘主义表达提供了思想基础。

The interpretation of the hexagram Fu[?,Return,24]by Wang Yangming’s(1472-1529)followers was mainly focused on the expression of the cosmological picture and the Gongfu(practice of self-cultivation)order,which has distinctive characteristics among the Confucian interpretations in the Song-Ming(960-1644)period.Wang Ji(1498-1583),Yan Jun(1504-96),Luo Rufang(1515-88)and others dominated the interpretative direction of the hexagram Fu[?,return,24]of the later scholars in Yangming school,which not only formed the theme of interpretation centering on the“heart of Heaven and Earth”“return but not from far”and“return on the seventh day”,but also shows the characteristics and trend of the discourse of Yangming’s followers in their respective hermeneutic approaches.Wang Ji and Luo Rufang used a subjective way to dissolve the dominating meaning of the“heart of Heaven and Earth”at the moment of present natural transformation and self-cultivation,thus escaping Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200)and Wang Yangming’s(1472-1529)interpretative direction of the hexagram.“Return but not from far”is regarded as the most significant meaning in the practice of self-cultivation by Yangming’s followers,as Wang Ji and Luo Rufang defined it as sudden awakening at first glance,while Nie Bao(1486-1563)pointed out that by their approach it was easy to lapse into the shortcomings of natural perception.Under Yan Jun’s(1504-1596)interpretative vision that emphasizes the prevalence and practice of heart-mind,“return on the seventh day”highlighted the subjective experience and Gongfu order of the heart-mind theory,and provided an ideological foundation for religious mystic expressions of the heart-mind theory.