晋武帝延缓灭吴之因辨析

An Analysis of the Reason of Delaying the Destruction of Wu(吴) by Emperor Wudi(武帝) of Jin Dynasty

西晋灭吴之战一再延缓,绝非偶然,因为无论从西晋的内部条件,还是外部环境来看,至少面临着四大问题:其一,以贾充为代表的伐吴反对派力量十分强大,屡屡阻挠伐吴大计;其二,秦凉之变迫使西晋投入大量的人力、物力和财力来平叛,更为严重的是,影响到西晋的整体战略方针——平吴战略部署的执行;其三,汉晋之际疫病大流行导致人口大量死亡,咸宁二年(276)前后,瘟疫大规模暴发,几乎危及晋武帝本人生命,甚至连皇太子的储位都发生了动摇。在此情况下,武帝不可能顾及伐吴之事;其四,西晋拥有一支约五十万人的军队,但其中大部分是步军和骑兵,缺少水军和战船。与吴军水师相比,明显处于下风,所以难以逾越长江天险。

It was no accident that the Western Jin had to postpone the war to destroy Wu(吴)again and again,since the Western Jin faced four problems at least in terms of both internal conditions and external environment.First,the opposition force represented by Jia Chong(贾充)was very strong and repeatedly blocked the plan of attacking Wu.Secondly,Qinliang(秦凉)Incident forced the Western Jin to invest a lot of manpower,material resources and financial resources to suppress the rebellion,which affected the implementation of the strategic plan of Western Jin to put down Wu;Thirdly,the pandemic caused a large number of deaths in the Han and Jin Dynasties.Around the second year of Xianning(咸宁,276),a massive outbreak of plague almost threatened the life of Emperor Wudi(武帝)and even the crown prince’s position was shaken.Under such circumstances,emperor Wudi could not take into account the matter of attacking Wu.Fourthly,the Western Jin had an army of about half a million men,but most of them were infantry and cavalry,and what they lacked were navy and warships,which means it was difficult for Jin’s army to cross the Yangtze River,while the navy of Wu is stronger than that of Western Jin.