论孔子天命鬼神观及其对构建人与自然生命共同体的启示

On Confucius’view of Destiny,Ghosts and Gods and Its Enlightenment on the Construction of the Community of Human and Natural Life

孔子的天命、鬼神思想是孔子思想体系的重要组成部分,在中国哲学思想史上占有重要的地位,对后世产生了广泛而深远的影响。殷商重鬼神,而周人重人文,虽然春秋时期天命鬼神观念依然存在,但思想渊源于周公的孔子却罕言天命鬼神。孔子所提出的“知天命”、“畏天命”的“天命”观和“未能事人,焉能事鬼”的“鬼神”观,虽然还没有完全摆脱旧的思想痕迹,但在春秋末期具有鲜明的创新性和进步性:既帮助统治者稳定政权,又引导人们理性看待天命、鬼神之说,这实质上反映了孔子对如何正确处理人与自然的关系的积极态度。孔子的这些思想和态度,对今天构建人与自然生命共同体具有重要的启示意义。

As an important part of Confucius'ideological system,Confucius'thought of destiny,ghosts and gods plays an important role in the history of Chinese philosophy and has a wide and farreaching impact on later generations.Although the concept of destiny,ghosts and gods still existed in Spring and Autumn period,Confucius,whose thoughts originated from Duke Zhou,seldom spoke about the gods and ghosts.Confucius put forward the"destiny"concept of"knowing the destiny of heaven"and"fearing the destiny of heaven"and the"ghost and God"view of"how can we serve the ghost if we can't do anything about people".Although we haven't completely got rid of the old ideological traces,we have distinct innovation and progress at the end of the spring and Autumn period.They not only help the rulers to stabilize the political power,but also guide people to rationally treat the destiny and ghosts and gods,which essentially reflects Confucius'view of"such things"How to correctly deal with the relationship between man and nature.These thoughts and attitudes of Confucius are of great significance for today's construction of a community of human and natural life.