种质与环境对金钗石斛药材品质的影响

Effects of Germplasm and Environment on Quality of Dendrobium nobile

将7个不同种质的金钗石斛苗分别在3个栽培基地进行多点栽培试验,测定多点栽培金钗石斛的外观性状、产量及活性成分含量,并结合各栽培基地的气象资料,采用数理统计软件分析种质与环境对金钗石斛药材品质的影响。结果表明,在同一栽培基地中,不同种质金钗石斛外观性状、产量、活性成分含量均存在差异,根据联合方差分析可知金钗石斛茎长、茎直径、产量及石斛碱含量主要受种质因素影响,叶长、叶宽、多糖含量主要受种质与环境因素交互作用影响。影响金钗石斛的主要气候因子是相对湿度、1月均温、平均最低气温、年平均温度;直径短边与年平均温度呈显著负相关,生长在年平均温度较低的地区金钗石斛直径短边较粗壮;叶长与1月均温呈显著负相关,1月均温较低的地区适宜金钗石斛叶片长度的生长;叶宽与年平均温度呈显著正相关,年平均温度较高的地区适宜金钗石斛叶片宽度的生长;多糖含量与年平均温度呈显著负相关,年平均温度较低的地区适宜金钗石斛多糖含量的积累。

Seven Dendrobium nobile seedlings of different germplasm were collected and planted in three cultivation bases for multi-point cultivation experiment. The appearance characters, yield and content of active components of Dendrobium nobile were determined by multi-point cultivation.Combined with the meteorological data of each cultivation base, the effects of germplasm and environment on the quality of Dendrobium nobile were analyzed by mathematical statistics software.The results showed that in the same cultivation base, there were differences in appearance traits, yield and active ingredient content of different germplasm Dendrobium nobile. According to the combined analysis of variance, the stem length, stem diameter, yield and dendrobine content of Dendrobium nobile were mainly affected by germplasm factors, while leaf length, leaf width and polysaccharide content were mainly affected by the interaction between germplasm and environmental factors.The main climatic factors affecting Dendrobium nobile were relative humidity, average temperature in January, average minimum temperature and annual average temperature. Among them, the diameter short side was significantly negatively correlated with the annual average temperature, the diameter short side of Dendrobium nobile growing in the area with lower annual average temperature was stronger.The leaf length was significantly negatively correlated with the average temperature in January, and the areas with lower average temperature in January were suitable for the growth of the leaf length of Dendrobium nobile.The leaf width was significantly positively correlated with the annual average temperature, and the areas with higher annual average temperature were suitable for the growth of the leaf width of Dendrobium nobile.The polysaccharide content was significantly negatively correlated with the annual average temperature, and the areas with lower annual average temperature was suitable for the accumulation of polysaccharide content.