接骨木的生物学特性

The Biological Characteristics of Sambucus Williamsii

以人工栽培接骨木为研究对象,通过调查研究掌握了接骨木生物学特性及生长发育规律。结果表明:人工栽培的接骨木与野生接骨木在生物学特性上无差异,不用进行栽培驯化;从萌生枝条生长规律来看,5月中下旬~6月中上旬是接骨木枝条生长量最大时期,从这一结果可以确定施肥重点,为促进枝条生长发育,应在5月26日~6月上旬施速效氮肥,为促进枝条成熟,应于7月上旬补施磷钾肥,同时6月中上旬开始应该加强幼林抚育管理;林龄3年接骨木当年从根部萌生枝条和从径部萌生枝条在萌条高、萌条径及萌条数量上差异不显著(P>0.05);接骨木林龄2年时开始修剪过密枝条,修剪时可留3~4个主枝,主枝上保留2~3个侧枝,侧枝再保留2个二级侧枝;造林密度为2500株/hm;林龄5年时产量最大。

The cultivated Sambucus Williamsii was taken as an object to study.Its biological characteristics and the law of growth and development have been well known through survey and research. The results show that there is no difference between the cultivated Sambucus Williamsii and the wild ones in biological characteristics. It needs not to be cultivated and acclimatized.From the growth rule of budding branches, the maximum growth period of Sambucus Williamsii branches is from mid-late May to early June.This result confirms that fertilization is the key, In order to promote the growth and development of branches, quick-effective nitrogen fertilizer should be applied from May 26 to early June.In order to promote branch maturity, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in early July, and young forest tending management should be strengthened from early June;There were no significant differences in bud height, bud diameter and number of branches between roots and diameters of elder trees aged 3 years(P>0.05);The elderstand begins to prune its dense branches at 2 years of age, When pruning, 3~4 main branches can be left, 2~3 side branches can be kept on the main branch, and 2 secondary side branches can be kept on the side branch;The afforestation density is 2500 plants/hm;, and the yield reaches the maximum at 5 years of age.