昼夜节律及骨骼肌节律与肌少症的关系

Circadian rhythm,skeletal muscle rhythm and sarcopenia

在生物钟系统中,中枢分子钟基因之间通过相互作用调控外周分子钟基因,进而同步外周器官和组织的昼夜节律。骨骼肌作为人体最大的组织,已被证实除了受中枢时钟的控制,还受到规律运动等其他因素的控制,在骨骼肌的生长发育、力量和功能等方面表现出节律性。研究发现分子钟缺失或缺陷导致的昼夜节律紊乱会损害骨骼肌健康,甚至导致肌少症。此外,由睡眠问题引发的昼夜节律紊乱也与肌少症有潜在的联系。运动作为改善肌少症的主要手段,其机制很可能是运动对分子钟的调控作用改变了骨骼肌节律,进而促进了骨骼肌的代谢和功能。本文从昼夜节律和骨骼肌节律的分子钟机制出发,探讨其与肌少症发病和改善的关系。

In the biological clock system,the central molecular clock genes interact with each other to regulate the peripheral molecular clock genes,thereby synchronizing the circadian rhythms of peripheral organs and tissues.As the largest tissue of the human body,skeletal muscle has been proven to be controlled by other factors such as regular exercise in addition to the control of the central clock.It exhibits rhythmicity in the growth and development,strength and function of skeletal muscle.Studies have found that circadian rhythm disorders caused by missing or defective molecular clocks can damage skeletal muscle health and even lead to sarcopenia.In addition,circadian rhythm disorders caused by sleep problems are also potentially related to sarcopenia.Finally,exercise is the main means to improve sarcopenia,and its mechanism is likely to be that the regulation of the molecular clock by exercise changes the rhythm of skeletal muscle,which in turn promotes the metabolism and function of skeletal muscle.We review the molecular clock mechanism of circadian rhythm and skeletal muscle rhythm,and explores its relationship with the onset and improvement of sarcopenia.