科技体制改革对省级创新体系绩效的影响——基于2011-2019年省际面板数据

The Impact of Science and Technology System Reform on the Performance of Provincial Innovation System:A Study Based on Inter-provincial Panel Data from 2011 to 2019

2015年我国开启深化科技体制改革,关于这种实验主义创新治理能否转化为实际治理效能,其对中国特色创新体系建设的推动效果如何,目前鲜有文献从实证角度进行研究。基于2011-2019年我国内地31个省(市区)面板数据,运用分组分析法考察科技体制改革实施效果。研究结果表明:科技体制改革对知识创新体系中高校与研发机构相互提升的促进作用显著;科技体制改革强化了企业技术创新需求对高校、研发机构等知识创新体系创新绩效提升的拉动作用;高校和研发机构等知识创新体系主体供给侧投入增加,未对企业新产品销售收入产生促进作用;高校、研发机构基础研究经费投入的边际产出低于企业。

In 2015,China implemented the scientific and technological system reform emphasizing on the coordination of the innovation system and the strengthening of investment in basic research.It is an important research topic if this experimental innovation governance can be transformed into actual governance effectiveness.More specifically it refers to four aspects.Firstly do reforms such as more allocation right of scientific research funds for scientific research teams in colleges and universities promote the free flow of talents between colleges and research institutes and knowledge production?Secondly on the supply side of knowledge innovation,are reforms such as the right to independently use scientific research funds effectively transformed into the improvement of innovation performance of enterprises?Thirdly does the growth of corporate R&D investment in stimulating the knowledge innovation system strengthen the innovation performance of universities and research institutes?Fourthly,has the allocation of basic research resources allocated to universities and R&D institutions achieved the goal of improving the efficiency of the scientific and technological innovation system?The existing studies have focused on qualitative analysis and case analysis of S&T system reform,but there is a lack of empirical analysis of S&T system reform on innovation system performance,especially less research on the impact mechanism of the science and technology system reform on the interaction between different innovation subjects in the innovation system.Wherefore the paper conducts an in-depth study on the effect of the technological reform on the innovation system by analyzing the evolution of the six pairs of input-output impact relationships between universities,R&D institutions,and enterprises before and after China`s reform of the scientific and technological system.This paper takes the number of patents applied by universities and R&D institutions,and the sales revenue of new products of industrial enterprises in 31 provinces as the dependent variables,and their R&D investment as the independent variable,and controls the openness and regional development level of the provinces.We verify the hypothesis by a grouped regression model.In order to examine the effect of the scientific and technological system reform,the time period of the sample data is divided into two groups,one is from 2011 to 2015 before the scientific and technological system reform,and the other is from 2016 to 2019 after the reform.In order to further verify the hypothesis,we use the number of thesis from universities and R&D institutions and the number of patent applications from industrial enterprises above designated size to perform econometric regression.The results show that:(1)science and technology system reform is remarkable to improve each other in colleges and research-development organization in the knowledge innovation system;(2)the reform of science and technology system has strengthened the role of enterprise technological innovation demand in improving the innovation performance of knowledge innovation systems such as colleges and research-development organization;(3)increasing the supply side investment of knowledge innovation system subjects such as colleges and research-development organization has a negative effect on the sales of new products;(4)the marginal output of basic research funds in colleges and research-development organization is lower than the enterprise.This paper integrates innovation system theory and institutional economics theory with the research results in the field of innovation performance.By distinguishing the heterogeneity of the impact of investment on innovation performance among different innovation subjects in the innovation system,the paper enriches the research on the impact of S&T system reform on the innovation system,and demonstrates the impact of S&T system reform on the resource allocation mode of basic research investment.In addition,through the mechanism analysis of the impact of scientific and technological system reform on the performance of innovation system,the RASP path(Reform-Action-Structure-Performance)of China's innovation-driven development strategy is proposed,which expands the SCP(Structure-Conduct-Performance)theory.The research conclusions of the article provide empirical evidence for deepening the reform of the provincial science and technology system in the allocation of basic research funds and the release of the potential of the knowledge innovation system.First of all,it will help to improve the performance of basic research by deepening the reform of the allocation method of basic research resources and increasing the support and funding for basic research of enterprises.Secondly,it will help improve the performance of China's scientific and technological achievements transformation by deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system in colleges and universities,improving the freedom of college innovation and accelerating the construction of a college system that serves innovation.Finally,to accelerate the free flow of talents among various innovative entities,it is necessary to further deepen the reform of talent management systems such as scientific and technological talent evaluation.