论环境行政公益诉讼中不履行法定职责的认定标准

On Identification Standards of Non-performance of Statutory Duty in Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation

针对环境行政公益诉讼中行政机关不履行法定职责的认定标准问题,虽然学界提出了“行为标准”“结果标准”“复合标准”“三步认定标准”以及“行政机关抗辩事由标准”等五种不同的理论观点,但这些标准实质上均无法脱离“行为标准”或者“结果标准”,司法实践中人民法院也主要根据“行为标准”或者“结果标准”作出实务回应。“行为标准”以职权法定原则与规范主义为支撑,其目的在于使行政机关在法律授权范围内依照程序处理生态环境问题;“结果标准”以客观诉讼理论与功能主义为依托,更突出行政机关在应对生态环境问题上的主动性。建议以“结果标准”为原则、以“行为标准”为例外确立环境行政公益诉讼中不履行法定职责的认定标准,以期促进环境行政公益诉讼的有效推行。

In view of identification standards of non-performance of statutory duty by administrative agencies in environmental administrative public interest litigation,although the academic circles put forward five different theoretical perspectives including“behavior standard”,“outcome standard”,“compound standard”,“three-step identification standard”and“standard of administrative authority justification”,none of these standards is essentially divorced from“behavior standard”or“outcome standard”.In judicial practice,people’s courts also make practical responses mainly according to“behavior standard”or“outcome standard”.Supported by principle of statutory authority and normative doctrine,“behavior standard”aims at enabling administrative agencies to deal with ecological and environmental problems in accordance with procedures within the scope of legal authorization.Based on theory of objective litigation and functionalism,“outcome standard”highlights the initiative of administrative agencies in dealing with ecological and environmental problems.In order to promote the effective implementation of environmental administrative public interest litigation,it is suggested that identification standard of non-performance of statutory duties in environmental administrative public interest litigation should be established by taking“outcome standard”as the principle and“behavior standard”as the exception.