电信网络诈骗帮助行为行刑责任体系之衔接——兼评《反电信网络诈骗法(草案)》第37条

The Connection of System of Liability for Execution of Assisting Acts in Telecom Network Fraud—And A Review of Article 37 of Anti-telecom Network Fraud Law(Draft)

《反电信网络诈骗法(草案)》立足于源头治理、综合治理,建构起电信网络诈骗帮助行为的行刑责任体系。其基础在于功能主义刑法理念的科学落实、协同治理格局的共建共治共享和网络犯罪模式的运作现实。该法确立了反电信网络诈骗的法律主体、行为义务和法律责任三大核心范畴,对不同主体的义务类型及行刑责任设置了差异化衔接之路径。针对行业主体作为义务的违反,应遵循行政责任—刑事责任的认定逻辑,以行政责任作为责任承担的基础和主体,以中立帮助行为理论限制刑罚权的发动。针对非行业主体不作为义务的违反,应遵循刑事责任—行政责任的认定逻辑,发挥行政责任的限制解释功能,优化其出罪机制。行刑责任体系之衔接,有利于充分发挥犯罪预防效能,有效遏制电信网络诈骗犯罪。

Anti-telecom Network Fraud Law(Draft)is aimed to construct system of liability for execution of assisting acts in telecom network fraud based on source governance,comprehensive governance.It is based on the scientific implementation of functionalism criminal law concept,the co-construction,co-governance and sharing of collaborative governance pattern as well as the operation reality of network criminal mode.The law has established three core categories of anti-telecom network fraud:legal subject,behavioral obligation and legal responsibility,and set up a differentiated connection path for different subjects’obligation types and execution liability.In view of violation of industry subject as an obligation,we should take administrative responsibility as the basis and responsibility subject and limit the launching of penalty right with the theory of neutral assisting act,following the identification logic of administrative responsibility and criminal liability.In view of violation of non-industry subject as non-obligation,we should give full play to the limitation and interpretation function of administrative responsibility,and optimize crime mechanism,following the identification logic of criminal liability—administrative responsibility.The connection of system of liability for execution helps to give full play to the effectiveness of crime prevention and effectively curb crimes of telecom network fraud.