基于电活性菌群的生物电催化体系的有效构筑及其强化胞外电子传递过程的应用

Effective Constructions of Electro-Active Bacteria-Derived Bioelectrocatalysis Systems and Their Applications in Promoting Extracellular Electron Transfer Process

传统的电活性微生物(Electro-Active Bacteria,EAB)主导的胞外电子传递(Extracellular Electron Transfer,EET)效率较低,极大程度地限制了微生物电催化在环境及工业中的应用。为打破这一瓶颈,近年来多国科学家尝试开发先进的催化材料以强化生物电催化体系(Bio-Electrocatalytic System,BES)中的电子传递效能。借用材料科学、电微生物学及合成生物学技术等多学科手段尝试将传统无机催化材料及电活性微生物进行理性优化,将有望强化电子的传递通量和效率。这种优化升级推动了传统单一的无机催化材料向活体生物催化材料过渡,并有望朝着向更精细化、智能可控的先进材料升级改造,也为拓展先进材料的规模化应用提供更有利的技术支撑。本文对现阶段几种强化EET的有效手段用以有效构筑BES展开综述,包括了微生物-石墨烯改性复合材料、原位杂化光催化半导体材料自组装微生物、核/壳装配的生物材料及接种基因工程菌等内容,最后总结了微生物活体生物材料所面临的挑战及未来在环境应用中所面临的机遇。

The low extracellular electron transfer(EET)efficiency dominated by electro-active bacteria(EAB)in traditional bio-electrocatalytic systems(BESs)has largely restrained the applications of microbial electrocatalysis in environmental and industrial fields.To break this bottleneck,many scientists from the world attempted to develop advanced catalysts to improve the efficiency of electron transfer in BESs.It is expected that rational optimization by multi-disciplines technologies,including material science,electronic microbiology and synthetic biology,will improve the electron flux and efficiency of electron transfer.This optimization might promote the transition from traditional inorganic catalysts towards living catalytic biomaterials which promises to upgrade to be more precise,intelligent and controllable advanced materials in the future.The promotion will provide more beneficial technical support for the large scale application of advanced materials.Herein,this paper summarizes the effective constructions of several kinds of BESs(including employing graphene/microbes composited materials,in-situ semiconducting photocatalytic self-assembled biohybrids,core/shell-coated biohybrids and genetically manipulated engineering strains).In addition,the mechanisms regarding the strategies for strengthening EET are also elaborated in this paper.At last,current challenges that exist for microbes-based living biomaterials and underlying opportunities of biomaterials used in more environmental applications in the future are summarized.