破解公权力领域的算法歧视:权力正当程序的回归

Solving Algorithmic Discrimination in the Field of Public Power:Return to the Power’s Due Process

算法排他权通过赋予私人市场独占期来换取对算法的行政监管,以期克服公权力领域算法歧视问题。但其关于算法透明和5年算法保护期的做法不可行;其旨在平衡公共利益与算法拥有者私人利益的尝试不合理。其实质是借私权外衣来维护公共利益,这混淆了公私法界限,不符合公法介入私法的正当性标准。破解公权力领域算法歧视的关键不在于技术层面如何避免形成歧视性算法决策,而在于权力层面如何避免歧视性算法决策上升为算法权力。公权力领域算法权力的特殊性(公权力属性和权力生成的间接性)为其正当程序的构建提供了基本思路:算法权力须纳入公权力运行轨道中,算法须始终保持工具地位,公权力机关须始终掌握对算法决策的质疑和否定权,只要阻断歧视性算法决策向算法权力转化,算法歧视问题便迎刃而解。

Algorithm exclusivity gives the private market an exclusive period in exchange for the administrative supervision of the algorithm,in order to overcome the problem of algorithm discrimination in the field of public power.However,its practice of algorithm transparency and a period of 5-year algorithm protection is not feasible;its attempt to balance the public interests with the private interests of algorithm owners is undesirable.Its essence is to protect public interests under the cloak of private rights,which confuses the boundaries between public and private laws and does not meet the legitimacy standard of public law intervening in private law.The key to solving algorithm discrimination in the field of public power lies not in how to avoid the formation of"discriminatory algorithm decision-making"at the technical level,but in how to avoid the rise of"discriminatory algorithm decision-making"to"algorithm power"at the power level.The nature of the public power and the indirectness of algorithmic power generation provide a basic idea for the construction of due process:the algorithm in the field of public power must always maintain the status of"tool",and as to algorithmic decision-making,the public power agency must maintain the right to question and deny,so as to block the transformation from"discriminatory algorithmic decision-making"to"algorithmic power".