论老字号商标的权益归属:二分构造与制度设计

On the Ownership of Rights and Interests of Time-Honored Trademarks:Dichotomous Structure and Legal System Design

老字号商标的权益归属问题,表现于相关主体通过请求撤销、无效系争商标或提起侵犯商标权之诉等方式寻求权利救济,但相关基本概念与权益来源并不清晰。探寻老字号商标权属不明的理论争议,应充分尊重如下两个层面的二分构造:老字号商标、商标权主体、商标共存事实状态与法律概念的二分,反不正当竞争法与商标法对老字号商标权益保护模式的二分。根据商誉理论,事实状态与法律归属的冲突源于老字号商标原始财产与添附财产的混合,应当回归商标法设权模式,尊重历史渊源,构建老字号商标的共存制度,基于注册主体、使用主体、受让与被许可主体等维度设计具体规则。

The issue“ownership of rights and interests of time-honored trademarks”is manifested in the fact that the relevant subjects seek remedies by requesting revocation,invalidation of the disputed trademarks,or file a lawsuit for“trademark infringement”,but the basic concept and the source of rights and interests related to it are not clear.To explore the theoretical disputes over the unclear ownership of time-honored trademarks,the following two dichotomous structures should be fully respected:Time-honored trademarks,trademark rights subjects,and trademark coexistence's dichotomy between the factual status and legal concept,Anti-Unfair Competition Law and Trademark Law's dichotomy of the time-honored trademark rights protection model.According the“Goodwill theory”,the conflict between factual status and legal attribution stems from the mixture of original property and attached property of time-honored trademarks.It is necessary to return to the Trademark Law's right-setting model,respect the historical origins and build a co-existence system for time-honored trademarks.Finally,design specific rules based on the dimensions of registration subject,user subject,transferee and license subject.