以“序”为“记”与由“体”及“用”——《古文辞类纂》柳宗元序文归类辨

Take “Preface” as “Essay” And From “Style” to “Function”——The Classification of Liu Zongyuan’s Preface in the Gu Wen Ci Lei Zuan

柳宗元以“序”名篇之《陪永州崔使君游宴南池序》《序饮》《序棋》,历代分体编录的别集与总集多归入“序”体,《古文辞类纂》将其归为“杂记类”。从文体自身流变看,叙事要素的重叠使得“杂记类”这一文类与“序”体之功能趋于互渗,加之唐代古文运动对传统文体的革新,导致了文体界限的混淆与模糊。从编者的立类标准看,历代别集与总集编排作品多关注文体本身的嬗变,姚鼐则更侧重于具体文章承载的价值功用,柳氏三文的归类差异主要表现为“体”“用”之辨。纵观古代文学创作及文体分类历程,名同而实异的分类现象并非个案,只有深度剖析文体形态与流变过程,充分体认部分文体兼有他类文体的功能特征,才能更好地把握文体的归属问题。

Liu Zongyuan’s “Pei Yongzhou Cui Shijun You Yan Nanchi Xu”, “Xu Yin”and “Xu Qi”, were named by Liu Zongyuan after “Preface”. In most of the collections in the past dynasties, they are classified as preface, and as essays in Gu Wen Ci Lei Zuan. From the perspective of the evolution of the style itself, the overlapping of narrative elements makes the functions of “essays” and “preface” tend to interpenetrate. In addition, the innovation of the traditional style by the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty leads to the confusion and fuzziness of the style boundary. From the classification standard of editors, most of the compiled works of special collections and general collections of past dynasties pay attention to the evolution of style itself, while Yao Nai focused more on the function of specific articles. The classification difference of Liu Zongyuan’s three preface articles is mainly reflected in the distinction between “style” and “use”. Throughout the process of ancient literary creation and style classification, the phenomenon of classifying the same works into different categories is by no means unique. Only by deeply analyzing the style form and evolution process, and fully grasping the functional characteristics of some styles and other styles, can we better grasp the attribution of styles.