灌水量和密度对无膜棉叶片逆境生理特征及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation A mount and Plangting Density on Leaf Stress Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Film-Free Cotton

试验采用两因素裂区设计,主区为3个灌水量:3000m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1))、4500m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))和6000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3));副区为4个密度:29.24万株/hm^(2)(D_(1))、26.32万株/hm^(2)(D_(2))、23.92万株/hm^(2)(D_(3))和21.93万株/hm^(2)(D_(4)),研究灌水量和种植密度对南疆无膜棉逆境生理及产量的影响。结果表明:①无膜棉叶片SPAD值盛花期最大,且随密度和灌水量的增大呈先增后减趋势,以W_(2)D_(3)处理最高。②叶片MDA(丙二醛)含量随生育进程不断增加,其平均值在不同密度处理间表现为D_(1)>D_(2)>D_(4)>D_(3),不同灌水量处理间表现为W_(1)>W_(2)>W_(3)。叶片POD(过氧化物酶)、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性均随生育进程呈现先增加后降低趋势,其平均值在不同密度处理间表现为D_(3)>D_(4)>D_(2)>D_(1),不同灌水量处理间表现为W_(2)>W_(3)>W_(1)。组合处理中,W_(2)D_(3)各生育期POD、SOD和CAT活性平均值最高,分别达261.95ΔOD_(470)/(min·g)、453.25 U/gFW和101.99U/(min·gFW)。③组合处理中,W_(2)D_(3)、W_(2)D_(4)、W_(2)D_(2)和W_(3)D_(3)产量较高。基于灌水量和密度的产量模型得到灌水量4735.80m^(3)/hm^(2)、种植密度24.59万株/hm^(2)的组合,产量最高可达5463.38kg/hm^(2)。综之,密度对无膜棉叶片MDA含量、保护酶活性和产量的影响均大于灌水量,灌水量4500~6000m^(3)/hm^(2)、种植密度21.93万~23.92万株/hm^(2)范围组合处理可获得较高产量。

Atwo factor split field experiment was carried out with the main block as irrigation amount and the sub block as planting density Threelevels of irrigation amount were set as 3000(W_(1)),4500(W_(2))and 6000(W_(3))m^(3)/hm^(2),and four levels of planting density were setas 29.24×10^(4)(D_(1)),26.32×10^(4)(D_(2)),23.92×10^(4)(D_(3))and 21.93×10^(4)(D_(4))plants per hectare Their effects on stress physiological characters and yield of film-free cotton in southern Xinjiang were studied.The results were as follows:①the SPAD value of film-free cotton leaves swas the largest at full flowering stage,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density and irrigation amount,in which,that of W_(2)D_(3) treatment was thehighest.②The content of MDA(malondialdehyde)in leaves of film-free cotton increased with the advancement of development process,and the average value showed as D_(1)>D_(2)>D_(3)>D_(4) and W_(1)>W_(2)>W_(3).The activities of leaf POD(peroxidase),SOD(superoxide dismutase)and CAT(catalase)increased first and thendecreased with the advancement of growth process,and all their average values showed as D_(3)>D_(4)>D_(2)>D_(1) and W_(2)>W_(3)>W_(1).The activities of POD,SOD and CAT under W_(2)D_(3) treatment were the highest up to 261.95 ΔOD_(470)/(min·g),453.25U/gFW and 101.99 U/(min·gFW).③The yield of W_(2)D_(3),W_(2)D_(4),W_(2)D_(2) and W_(3)D_(3) were higher.Through analyzing the yield model based on irrigation amount and planting density,wefound when the irrigation amount was 4735.80 m^(3)/hm^(2) and the planting density was 24.59×10^(4) plants perhectare,the maximum yield as 5463.38 kg/hm^(2) could be obtained In conclusion,the effects of plantingdensity on MDA content,protective enzymes activity and yield of film-free cotton were greater than that of irrigation amount When the irrigation amount was 4500~6000 m^(3)/hm^(2) and the planting density was(21.93~23.92)×10^(4) plants per hectare,higher yield could be obtained.