4Gordon DB,Pellino TA,Miaskowski C,et al.A 10-year review of quality improvement monitoring inpain management:recommendations for standardizedoutcome measures.Pain Manag Nurs,2002,3(4):116-130.
5Gordon DB’Dahl JL,Miaskowski C,et al.American Pain Society recommendations forimproving the quality of acute and cancer painmanagement:American Pain Society quality of caretask force.Arch Intern Med,2005,165(14):1574-1580.
6American Pain Society.Pain:current understandingof assessment, management, and treatments.VA:National Pharmaceutical Council INC,2006:78.
7Brockqjp DY, Brockopp G, Warden S, et al. Barriersto change: a pain management project.InternationalJournal ofNursing Studies,1998(35):226-232.
8Ferris FD,von Gunten CF,Emanuel LL. Knowledge:insufficient for change. Journal of PalliativeMedicine,2001,4(2):145-147.