拉萨小昭寺源流考

A Study of the Origin of the Ra mo che in Lhasa

按照藏族传说,小昭寺由文成公主修建,这一说法影响深远,实是对小昭寺的误解。根据汉藏史料互证,小昭寺是松赞干布为文成公主修建的宫殿,文成公主为供奉释迦牟尼像进行了扩建。文成公主去世后,汉僧在此长期居住活动,逐渐演变成了寺庙。明代阿勒坦汗仿照拉萨大昭寺所藏十二岁释迦牟尼等身像,塑造佛像并建寺供奉,以蒙古语寺庙之意称其为召。在蒙古语中小昭寺的名称是依八岁释迦牟尼等身像而来,汉文小昭寺的名称则是清初从蒙古语或满语转译而来,小昭寺的修建以及名称演变充分体现出藏蒙满汉各族历史上密切的文化交流。

According to Tibetan legends,the Ra mo che temple was built by Princess Wencheng.This statement had far-reaching infuences,but it was based on a misunderstanding.According to the evidence of historical records in Chinese and Tibetan,the Ra mo che was originally a palace built by Srong btsan sgam po for Princess Wencheng.Wencheng expanded it later to dedicate the statue of Sākyamuni.After the death of Wencheng,the Han Chinese monks lived there for a long time,and it gradually evolved into a temple.In the Ming Dynasty,Altan Khan had statues of the Buddha built that imitated the twelve-year-old Sākyamuni image in the Ra mo che and built a temple for the worship of the statue.The Mongol term for temple is joo and is derived from jo bo and refects the name of the eight-year-old Sākyamuni-Jo bo statue.The character zhao in the name of the Xiaozhao temple in Chinese is derived from Mongol via Manchu in the early Qing Dynasty.Thus the name of the Xiaozhao Temple and its origins refect the close historical exchange among Tibetan,Mongolian,Chinese,and Manchu cultures.