对几种外文藏文教材的评介——兼论古典藏文教学

A Review of Several Tibetan Textbooks—and the Approaches to the Teaching of Classical Tibetan

一套良好而行之有效的古典藏文教育体系能帮助藏学界培养更多的优秀学者。理想的教材和科学的教育方法则是这一教育体系的重要组成部分。本文作者结合自己在哈佛大学的藏文学习和教学经验,评介了七种常见的外文古典藏文教材,以期比较它们在藏语文教育上的优劣。显然,没有任何一种教材能覆盖整个藏语文教学的过程。教师在教学过程中必须对不同教材进行取舍,将它们中最合适的部分与不同学习阶段的需求相配合。在课程设计上,笔者认为,有三点非常重要:一、文法教学应独立于文献阅读存在;二、在语言学视角上应遵循先印欧、后藏缅的顺序;三、在教学的侧重上,教师应将句法摆在首要位置。

A fne and efcient educational framework of Classical Tibetan can provide the circle of Tibetan Studies with many more profcient prospective scholars.Ideal textbooks and equitable educational approaches are essential components of this framework.This article reviews seven common textbooks of Classical Tibetan and compares their advantages and disadvantages for Tibetan language learning.Of course,no single textbook can cover the entire course of Tibetan language learning.The teacher is supposed to choose between diferent textbooks during teaching and single out the most appropriate pieces from them to pair with various learning phases.In terms of course design,there are three important points.First,teaching grammar should be done independent of the reading of texts.Second,from a linguistic perspective,the teacher should follow the order in which the Tibeto-Burman perspective proceeds after the Indo-Tibetan one.Third,the teacher should hold the teaching of syntax as primary.