卢曼系统论法学视域下的跨国犯罪联合侦查

Joint Investigation of Transnational Crimes Based on Luhmann’s System Theory of Law

卢曼所倡导的系统论法学思想,从理论模型、关系分析以及研究转型三个方面,为研究跨国犯罪联合侦查提供了全新的理论工具。从理论模型出发,应当将通常意义上的联合侦查定义为广义的联合侦查,其由狭义联合侦查、国内刑事侦查两类“法律系统”组合而成,而后者又是在同一时间段内国内侦查部门以及相关域外主体经由“法律沟通”形成。在关系分析方面,联合侦查涉及狭义联合侦查与国内刑事侦查的复杂关系,二者兼具系统与环境、结构耦合、二阶观察的三重叠加状态。在研究转型方面,系统论法学促成联合侦查研究的认识论、原因论、方法论转型,应当以主张建构论的认识论、倡导法律系统统一说的原因论以及强调等值功能主义的方法论,作为跨国犯罪联合侦查研究的理论依据。

Luhmann’s System Theory of Law provides a new theoretical tool for the research on joint investigation of transnational crimes from three aspects:model construction,relationship analysis,and research transformation.In model construction,joint investigation is defined in a broad-sense,composed of narrow-sense joint investigation and domestic criminal investigation.The former depends on the“legal communication”between the investigation departments from different countries,and the latter relies on the“legal communication”between domestic investigation departments and social subjects.In relationship analysis,joint investigation involves a complex relationship between narrow-sense joint investigation and domestic criminal investigation,which show the overlapping relationships in system and environment,structural coupling and second-order observation.In research transformation,System Theory of Law has promoted the transformation of joint investigation research by adopting the epistemology of constructivism,the causality of unified legal system,and the methodology of emphasizing equivalent functionalism.