细胞外囊泡介导原发性高血压中血管内皮功能损伤

Extracellular vehicles mediate dysfunction of vascular endothelium in essential hypertension

原发性高血压是由遗传和环境等多种因素共同作用导致的疾病,研究表明,血管内皮功能障碍是原发性高血压发病机制中的重要环节。细胞外囊泡(extracellular vehicles,EVs)是体液环境中存在的一种包含核酸、蛋白质等成分的脂质体,具有在细胞间信息交换的功能。EVs能够影响靶细胞的表型和功能,参与多种疾病的病理生理过程。研究显示,EVs可能在血压调节中发挥重要作用,介导血管内皮功能的变化。EVs参与细胞免疫及体液免疫造成的血管内皮损伤过程,刺激血管内皮分泌促炎症因子,损伤血管的舒张功能。同时EVs刺激内皮细胞中活性氧物质水平的增加,减少一氧化氮的产生及降低其生物利用度,直接影响内皮细胞依赖的血管舒张功能,引起血压升高。本文总结了EVs在原发性高血压血管内皮损伤中的作用,提示EVs参与原发性高血压的发生发展过程,为进一步深化高血压发病机制的相关研究提供参考。

Essential hypertension is a commom cardiovascular disease which is associated with genetics,environment,and other factors.Vascular endothelium dysfunction is closely correlated with essential hypertension.Extracellular Vehicles(EVs),which is a sort of lipidosome containing nucleic acid,protein and other contents,play a significant role in intercellular communication.EVs could modulate the phenotypes and function of the recipient cells.Several lines of evidence implicate EVs in the etiology and pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases,including essential hypertension.EVs participate in the process of impairment of endothelium-mediated relaxation by cellular and humoral immunity.EVs increase the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in endothelium,which could impair vascular function.EVs could also up-regulate the production of reaction oxygen species in endothelium,which further decrease the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide and cause vasoconstriction,leading to rise of blood pressure.This review summarizes the role of EVs in the process of impairment of vascular endothelium in essential hypertension,which indicates that EVs participate in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension.