数据流通市场中数据产品的特性及其交易模式

Features and transaction modes of data products in data markets

数据的流通交易是数据要素市场化配置的关键环节。我国前期的数据市场探索过程中暴露出一系列问题,迫切需要从理论角度对数据市场基本逻辑进行重新梳理。从交易成本理论、电子市场框架和电子交易模式等不同视角分析了数据产品流通过程,并提出数据的可计算性给数据交易带来了两类影响:一方面,可计算性使得数据能够被不断分析从而更加符合垂直领域的需求;另一方面,可计算性也会推动数据交易过程离开市场,呈现去平台化的趋势。基于电子市场经典理论框架将数字产品分为4个象限并进行相应分析,提出了对数据供方和数据市场管理者的建议。

Developing the markets of data as a factor of production is the key in the efficient allocation of data factor.However,the early practices of data markets in China have revealed a series of problems,which urgently calls for a systematic review and analysis on the data market theoretical mechanisms.The circulation process of data products was analyzed from different perspectives,such as transaction cost theory,electronic market framework,and electronic trading mode.And it was further proposed that the effects of the data computability were two-fold.On the one hand,the computability enabled data to be analyzed so as to fit in the specific demand in certain industries.On the other hand,the computability was also likely to remove the data transaction process from the market,also known as platform disintermediation.Based on the classical theoretical framework of electronic market,the offerings of data products were divided into four quadrants and analysis was conducted correspondingly.Finally,suggestions for data product suppliers and data transaction platform providers were put forward.