从“无心之感”到“治心、治民之道”:王船山的感应论论析——以《周易》咸卦为中心

From“Unintentional Sense”to“Govern the Mind and People”:An Interpretation of Wang Chuanshan’s Sense-Respond Theory--Focus on xian hexagram in the Book of Changes

船山认为:咸为“无心之感”,兼具“始”与“成”二义;“情具而感生”,感应为二气之“相与”,具有“随感随应”的迅捷性。“感”“应”与“思”皆为心之功能。心为万感之主,而其应则有贞淫之别,治心之要须在“思”上用功。君子用咸之道在于观万物之情与行咸临之治道。船山的咸卦阐释体现了“明体达用”“经世致用”的时代关切与理论建构意识。

Chuanshan believes that xian hexagram is the“unintentional sense”,which has both the meaning of“beginning”and“com⁃pletion”.Sense comes from situation and sense-respond is the interaction of two kind of Qi,and has the rapidity of responding.“Sense”,“response”and“thinking”are the functions of the heart.The mind is the master of all senses,and its response is different from chastity and addiction.Therefore,to govern the mind,we must work hard on“thinking”.A gentleman’s way of using xian lies in observing the situation feelings of all things and practicing the rule of xian and Lin.Chuanshan’s interpretation of xian hexagram re⁃flects the concern of the times and the consciousness of theoretical construction.