真德秀“诚正天下”之政治伦理思想探微

On Political Ethical Thought of“Justifying the World by Cheng”of Zhen Dexiu

真德秀对朱子理学形而下的贯彻实践加快了朱子之学的官方化和世俗化。《中庸》之“诚”有本体和工夫两方面的含义。真德秀从“诚心”的工夫论出发,认为“诚”能正身,进而成己成物。对于官员来说,成己之极是“为仁”,由正而忠,关键要做到“廉、仁、公、勤”;成物之极体现在治好一方和“格君心之非”。对于君王来说,成己之极是“为仁”,由正而治,关键在于“正君心”;成物之极体现在“正天下”。真德秀的为官之道为后代的官员树立了典范,其所构建的治国思想也被后代君主所推重。

Zhen Dexiu’s implementation of Zhuzi’s neo-confucianism accelerated the official and secularization of Zhuzi’s neo-confu⁃cianism.“Cheng”has two meanings in The Doctrine of the Mean:noumenon and effort.Starting from the“sincerity”effort theory,Zhen Dexiu thought that“Cheng”can justify oneself,and then one can make himself as well as others.For the government officials,integrity can help them achieve loyalty,the key is to be"honest,humane,fair and diligent".The ultimate achievement is to cure one party and rectify the emperor’s wrong thoughts.Integrity can help the emperor achieve good governance,the key is to justify his mind,and the ul⁃timate result is embodied in a peaceful world.Zhen Dexiu’s way of serving as an official set a model for future officials,and his thoughts on governing the country were also valued by future monarchs.