青藏高原23种龙胆属植物花粉扫描电镜研究

The study on pollen of 23 species of Gentiana from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国青藏高原地区龙胆属23种龙胆属植物的花粉进行研究,结果表明:23种龙胆属植物的花粉形状为圆球形、椭球形或长椭球形,赤道面观三裂圆形或三裂三角形,表面纹饰为条纹-网状,条纹状和网状,全部具有三条萌发沟,且长达两极。花粉的特征佐证了龙胆属植物在龙胆族中属于较为进化的类群,并推测蓝玉簪龙胆和东俄洛龙胆、髯毛龙胆属于比较进化的种类。花粉粒大小、形状和外壁纹饰在不同物种间存在一定差异,这些微观形态差异可作为种间分类依据。龙胆属花粉形态特征在本属植物的分类与鉴别中具有重要的研究价值。

The pollen of 23 species of Gentiana from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied by scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that the pollen of 23 Gentiana were spherical,ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal.The equatorial surface of the pollen was triangular or triangular with three splits.The surface of the pollen was striped-reticulated,striped and reticulated.All of them had three germination ditches and were bipolar.The characteristics of pollen confirm that Gentiana belongs to a more evolutionary group in Trib.Gentianeae.It is speculated that Gentiana veitchiorum,Gentiana tongolensis and Gentiana cuneibarba belong to those more evolved species.The size,shape and exine sculpture were variousin species,which could be used as the interspecific classification basis.Pollen morphological characteristics of Gentiana have important research value in the classification and identification of genus plants.