黄河水沙调度效果与未来下游滩槽综合治理思路

Water and sediment regulation of the Yellow River and suggestion of comprehensive management for the Lower Yellow River

下游滩槽综合治理是黄河综合治理实践中存在的突出问题之一。在分析近期黄河流域水沙情势的基础上,采用实测资料系统分析了黄河水沙调度效果,并提出了未来黄河下游滩槽综合治理思路。研究表明:近期黄河流域水量偏多,编号洪水出现频次增加,通过水库群联合调控保障下游防洪安全势在必行;黄河水沙调度在调节洪水流量过程、库区排沙以及减少下游河道淤积方面效果显著;按照现有控导工程连线修建一定标准二级堤防,将滩区划分为主行洪区和滞洪沉沙区,并通过科学管理控制不同区域滩地糙率系数,可实现既能保证大洪水安全过洪,又能为过洪机率较低区域提供经济发展空间的治理目标。研究成果可为黄河下游“滩-槽”协同治理提供参考。

Comprehensive management of the Lower Yellow River(LYR) is one of the difficulties and problems in research of the Yellow River. Based on analysis of water-sediment condition in the Yellow River basin, the effects of water and sediment regulation were investigated by observed data. The results showed that, it is imperative to implement water and sediment regulation for flood control safety of the Yellow River as the amount of runoff was large and the occurrence frequency of dangerous floods was increasing in recent years. The water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River basin has remarkable effects in regulating flow discharge process, discharging sediment from the reservoir and reducing sediment deposition of the channel in the LYR. To divide floodplain into flood way district and flood retention and sediment deposition area, a certain standard secondary embankment can be built according to the position connection of the existing control projects. Furthermore, combined with the management of the floodplain rough coefficient at different areas scientifically, not only the safety of flood is guaranteed, but also the economic development chance in the area with low flood probability is provided. One of the outcomes of this work is an ability to better understand how to manage the LYR harmoniously.