城乡建设用地统筹下市场机制引入对居民收入的影响——基于重庆市地票交易制度的实证检验

The Impact of the Introduction of Market Mechanism on Residents’Income under Urban-Rural Construction Land Coordination——An Empirical Test Based on the Land Ticket Transaction System in Chongqing

在城乡建设用地统筹配置过程中引入市场机制,是城乡融合发展的重要举措,也是土地要素市场化改革的有益探索。采用合成控制法这一反事实分析框架分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩下的市场化试点——重庆地票交易制度实施对城乡居民收入水平的影响,结果表明:地票交易制度的实施并未显著提高农村居民的收入水平,其原因在于,供需制约下的市场交易潜在固定了地票价格,农村居民无法获得额外的土地增值收益。城镇居民的收入水平得到显著提升,可归因于政策实施引致的城市建设红利。地票交易制度的实施能够促进城乡土地要素的有序流动,其对城市建设以及城镇居民收入水平提升具有积极作用,但在制度实施过程中须充分考虑农民作为土地供应方的主体利益。

In the process of overall allocation of urban and rural construction land,the introduction of market mechanism is not only an important measure of urban-rural integration development,but also a beneficial exploration of land factor marketization reform.Chongqing"land ticket"trading system is a market-oriented pilot project under the linkage of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease.This paper uses the counterfactual analysis framework of SCM to demonstrate the impact of"land ticket"transaction on the income level of urban and rural residents.The results show that:the implementation of the land ticket transaction system has not significantly improved the income level of rural residents.The reason is that market transactions under the constraints of supply and demand have potentially fixed the price of land tickets so that rural residents cannot obtain additional land appreciation benefits.The income level of urban residents has been significantly improved,which can be attributed to the urban construction dividend caused by the implementation of the policy.The land ticket transaction system can realize the orderly flow of urban and rural land elements.We should affirm its positive effect on urban construction and the improvement of urban residents’income level,but we also need to fully consider the realization of the interests of farmers as the main body of power as the land supplier.