睡眠剥夺对驾驶员心率变异性的影响

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Heart Rate Variability in Drivers

目的研究睡眠不足驾驶人在驾驶过程中的心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)特征,为军、地驾驶员抗驾驶疲劳研究提供数据支持。方法招募20名部队男性受试者分别在睡眠充足与睡眠不足条件下进行两次模拟驾驶实验,记录实验前后血压,采集心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)信号并提取20个HRV指标,分析睡眠不足驾驶人的HRV敏感指标。结果实验后,睡眠不足组的舒张压,去趋势波动分析(detrended fluctuation analysis,DFA)得到的长期波动斜率DAFα2在整体水平上高于正常睡眠组(P<0.05);交感神经系统(sympathetic nervous system,SNS)指数、副交感神经系统(parasympathetic nervous system,PNS)指数、平均心率、误差均方根(root mean square of successive differences,RMSSD)、RR间期平均值标准差(standard diviation average of NN intervals,SDANN)、间期直方图宽度(the triangular interpolation of NN interval hietogram,TINN)、低频功率(low-frequency,LF)、LF/高频功率(high frequency,HF)、Poincare散点图(SD1,SD2/SD1)、近似熵(approximate entropy,ApEn)、样本熵(sample entropy,SampEn)的时间主效应差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);睡眠不足组的PNS指数、RMSSD、LF、HF、LF/HF、呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)、SD1、SampEn、短期波动斜率DFAα1在不同时间段存差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论睡眠不足时的驾驶任务使驾驶员舒张压升高,对HRV产生了更广泛的影响,与PNS活动相关的HRV指标呈增强趋势,同时ECG信号复杂度降低,驾驶疲劳发生时间提前。

Objective To study the characteristics of heart rate variability(HRV)of sleep-deprived drivers during driving,and to provide data support for the research on anti-driving fatigue of military and non-military drivers.Methods A total of 20 military male subjects were recruited to perform2 simulated driving experiments under the conditions of sufficient and insufficient sleep respectively.Blood pressure before and after experiments were recorded,Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal and 20 HRV indicators were collected and extracted,and the HRV sensitive indicator of sleepdeprived drivers was analyzed.Results After the experiment,the diastolic blood pressure and the long-term fluctuation slope DAFα2 obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA)were higher than those in the normal sleep group(P<0.05);there were statistically significant differences in the time main effects of sympathetic nervous system(SNS)index,parasympathetic nervous system(PNS)index,mean heart rate,root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD),standard diviation average of NN intervals(SDANN),the triangular interpolation of NN interval hietogram(TINN),low-frequency(LF),LF/high frequency(HF),Poincare scatter graph(SD1,SD2/SD1),approximate entropy(ApEn),and sample entropy(SampEn)(all P<0.05);PNS index,RMSSD,LF,HF,LF/HF,respiratory rate(RR),SD1,SampEn,short-term fluctuation slope DFAα1 of sleep insufficient group in different time periods were statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Sleep-deprived driving tasks increase diastolic blood pressure of drivers and broaden the impact on HRV.HRV indicators related to PNS activity show a trend of enhancement,while complexity of ECG signal reduces,and driving fatigue occurrs earlier.