西南联合大学是中国大学精神完美的定格--兼谈大学的非典型特点和评价标准的多元性

National Southwestern Associated University as a Freeze Moment of the Soul of Chinese Universities:Atypical University Characteristics and Evaluation Criteria Diversity

西南联合大学的研究长期是一边倒的,可喜的是近年来有了不同的角度和声音。但就大学作为教育机构的本质特点而言,仍有许多非常重要的研究依然有缺失和不足,需要努力加强。西南联合大学作为特殊时代、特殊构成、特殊发展过程的特殊大学,既遵循了教育发展的一般规律,也有明显的非典型性、特殊性、时代局限性等,须明确认识和客观评价,其价值是中国现代大学精神的定格。任何大学都有非典型的经验,只用一个评价标准不仅忽略了其特殊性和经验性的价值,而且扼杀了其发展的多种可能性和对文化背景的依赖。基于世界高等教育的现实,应具有运用多元标准评价大学的重要观念,除被基本认同的“科学”标准外,还须有哲学与文化标准和因时因地制宜的经验标准。

The research on National Southwestern Associated University(NSAU)has been one⁃sided for a long time.Fortunately,there are different perspectives and voices lately.However,the research on the essential characteristics of this university as an educational institution is still insufficient and needs to be strengthened.NSAU,as a special university with special composition and special development process in a special time,not only follows the general law of educational development,but also has obvious specificity,particularity and the limitation of its time.We should be clear about this background and hence make objective evaluation on NSAU,which should be valued as a freeze moment of the soul of modern universities in China.Any university has atypical experience.Using only one evaluation standard not only ignores its particularity and empirical value,but also kills off development possibilities and undermines its dependence on cultural background.In view of the reality of higher education in the world,we should entertain the idea of evaluating universities with multiple standards.Besides the generally⁃recognized“scientific”standards,we should also have philosophical and cultural standards as well as empirical standards that adapt to local conditions.