综合素质评价牵引高质量育人体系建设:历史脉络、现实意蕴与实践策略

Comprehensive Quality Evaluation Powers the Construction of High⁃quality Education System:History,Implications and Strategies for Practice

综合素质评价作为教育评价体系中学生评价的重要方式,在本质上是对“单一化”“唯智化”“唯分化”评价的全面扭转,是破除“唯分数”以促进学生德智体美劳全面发展的根本举措。综合素质评价在我国历经“理念提出”和“试验探索”后,现已进入“实质深推”阶段,对新时代落实立德树人根本任务、推进素质教育深化发展、优化教育考试选拔机制、塑造新时代教育评价文化等具有重要的现实意蕴。然而,由综合素质评价内容的多样性与“不可测性”等特点所决定,深入推进综合素质评价尚存在教育公平风险、应试思维制约以及“硬挂钩”难“硬”等困境。当前,综合素质评价牵引高质量育人体系建设,还需要深化推进综合素质评价改革、完善综合素质评价技术与方法以及提高综合素质评价结果认同。

As an important way to evaluate students in the educational evaluation system,comprehensive quality evaluation is essentially a complete reversal of the rigid unitary evaluation based solely on“academician capacity,”or“scores.”It is a measure to get rid of the“Scores⁃Only”to ensure the well⁃rounded development of students in terms of moral grounding,intellectual and physical ability,aesthetic sensibility and work skills.After the“putting⁃forward of the idea”and the“experimental exploration,”comprehensive quality evaluation in China has come to a stage for“substantial advancement.”In the new era,it has practical implications for the task of moral education,quality education,the selection mechanism and the culture of education and examination.Due to the diversity and“unpredictability”of the content of comprehensive quality evaluation,there are still some difficulties in its further promotion,such as education equality at risk,the restriction of exam⁃oriented thinking,and the difficulty in the management of the“direct connection with the five qualities.”At present,it is necessary to deepen the reform and improve the technology and methods of comprehensive quality evaluation,and improve the recognition of the results of comprehensive quality evaluation.