大类招生遇上新高考——一流大学本科生学业适应性分析

Major Category Enrollment Coincides with the New College Entrance Examination:An Analysis of the Academic Adaptability of Undergraduates in First⁃Class Universities

学业适应是本科新生步入大学后的必经阶段,而新高考改革和大类招生模式对新生首选专业满意度的可能改变及其对大学学业适应性的影响亟待研究。在新高考与大类招生的双重影响下,一流大学本科生学业适应整体良好,新高考本科生与非新高考本科生的大学学业适应与首选专业满意度均不存在显著的差异,然而较多理工农医类的本科生存在学业适应不良与首选专业满意度较低的情况。大类招生模式下首选专业满意度对学业成绩有显著的正向影响,且学习动机和学习策略在首选专业满意度对学业成绩的影响中发挥链式中介作用。一流大学应当完善专业选择机制,增加本科生对专业的了解程度,提高本科生首选专业满意度,并引导其树立学习目标与形成良好的学习策略,使本科新生顺利度过适应期。

A stage of academic adaptation is inevitable for freshmen when they come to the university.The latest reform of the National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)and the Major Category Enrollment scheme(MCES)may change freshmen’s satisfaction with their first⁃choice major,and affect their academic adaptability.All these issues deserve our exploration and study.Under the influence of the new NCEE and the MCES,the academic adaptation of first⁃class university undergraduates is generally good.There is no significant difference in undergraduates’first⁃choice major satisfaction and academic adaptation between new NCEE candidates and traditional NCEE candidates.However,many undergraduates majored in science,engineering,agriculture and medicine are of academic maladjustment and low satisfaction with their first⁃choice majors.Under the MCES,undergraduates’first⁃choice major satisfaction has a significant positive impact on their academic performance.Learning motivation and learning strategies play a chain mediating role in the process.Therefore,first⁃class universities should improve their major selection mechanism,improve undergraduates’understanding of disciplines and majors,promote undergraduates’satisfaction with their first⁃choice majors,and guide them to set learning objectives and develop effective learning strategies,so that they can get through the adaptation period smoothly.