对未成年人保护法律实施问题的再思考

Rethinking on the Implementation of the Laws on the Protection of Minors

法律的生命力在于实施。新修订的《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》和《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》在立法表达上适时地补足了法律规定的短板,回应了时代需求,但在实施过程中仍存在着各利益攸关方对共同问题的认知和反思不足、缺乏周期性评估和体系的再评估制度构建、“不确定性”导致激励不足、未成年人差异化特征难以类别化应对等问题。应回应治理体系和治理能力现代化的需求,建立有利于各方主体积极参与的合作治理机制,通过循环反馈、动态调整的学习过程,建设基于共识的评估激励机制和基于多元治理网络的动态学习机制,协调各主体的合作行为,以破解未成年人权益保护与犯罪预防多元治理实施等难题。

The vitality of law lies in its implementation. Although the amended Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency timely complement the shortcomings stipulated by the law and respond the needs of our times in terms of legislation, the practical dilemmas, such as insufficient awareness and reflection of stakeholders on common issues, lack of periodic evaluation and reevaluation system construction, lack of incentives caused by the “uncertainty”,the difficulty in classifying the minors’ diversities have not yet been solved. In response to the needs of the modernization of governance system and governance capacity, a cooperate governance mechanism conductive to the active participation of all parties should be established, and an evaluation incentive mechanism based on consensus and a dynamic learning mechanism based on multi-governance network should be established through the learning process of cyclic feedback and dynamic adjustment to coordinate the cooperation behavior of various subjects. Thus, problems such as the protection of minors’ rights and interests and the implementation of diversified governance of crime prevention would be solved.