从《全唐文》透视唐朝翻译话语中的术语体系

Technical Terms Employed in Tang China’s Discourse on Translation

中国的翻译术语早在唐朝就自成体系,对这些术语进行梳理具有积极的史学价值、学科意义和当下启示.本文采用文史互证的方法,从《全唐文》中提取唐朝翻译话语中的术语,建构这些术语间的逻辑关系,将其归为本体性、实践性和批评性三大基本范畴;从断代史视角,采用共时的静态术语观全面挖掘其下位范畴和各个子范畴内的具体术语,对其进行分析阐释;同时又将其置入翻译通史视角,采用历时的动态术语观总结它们的演变与承袭.认为既要从中国传统翻译思想中深入挖掘相关的术语,构建断代翻译术语体系,同时又要关注这些术语的承袭演变,全面构建有中国特色的翻译术语体系.

China developed its own system of technical terms for translation as early as the Tang Dynasty,and this ancient terminological system calls for a comprehensive study because of the historical value,disciplinary significance and enlightenment on the current translation practices such a study would necessarily accord.To conduct the study,we have adopted the method of checking the literary and the historical sources concerned against each other,for the verification of their relevance and authenticity,and have first extracted specialized translation terms from Quantangwen(A Complete Collection of Tang Writings).These terms are then classified into three major categories:the ontological,the pragmatic and the critical,with the logical relations existing among the terms carefully sorted out.From a synchronic and static perspective,each category is further classified and the specific terms in each subcategory are analyzed and interpreted.From a diachronic and dynamic perspective,the continuity and evolution of the terms' usage are determined.With these steps taken,a translation terminology system with Chinese characteristics is constructed.