加压舱外开式快速启闭门的设计与应用

Design and application of an outgoing quick opening door for a hyperbaric chamber

目的设计和建造能快速启闭的外开式加压舱气密门,满足高气压实验研究中人员或动物快速进出加压舱的需求。方法采用齿啮式旋转门结构,舱门开口法兰圈开设环形凹槽,其内卡设环形密封圈,凹槽底设置数个气孔,通过三通阀连接高压气源的减压阀和加压舱内空间。关闭舱门时门与加压舱门框法兰间留有适当空隙,当舱门关闭并限位后,向气孔供气,高压气将密封圈整体外推压迫舱门,封闭舱门和舱体之间的缝隙,实现舱门气密。高气压暴露减压结束后,气孔接通舱内空间,将凹槽内密封圈后气压释放,解除密封圈对舱门的压迫,舱门即可被轻易打开。结果按该法建造了舱门直径900 mm的大动物加压舱,能在1.5 MPa压力下保持气密,开关门时间均不超过10 s。结论该设计建造的加压舱,至少在上述规格和工作压强范围内,能在保证气密性的前提下,实现外开式快速启闭。

Objective To design and construct an quick outgoing opening air-tight door for hyperbaric chambers,and to meet the needs of quick entry and exit of the chamber for humans and animals in experimental research. Methods The gnawing revolving door structure was adopted,and there was a proper gap between the door and the flange of the cabin frame when it was closed. An annular groove was cut in the opening face of the flange,and an annular sealing ring was arranged inside the groove. A number of holes were arranged at the bottom of the groove,and connected to the chamber space and a pressure reducing valve to the hyperbaric air source through a three-way valve. When the door was closed and restricted,air was supplied to the holes,and the hyperbaric air pushed the sealing ring externally to press the door,and closed the gap between the door and the hatch to become airtight. After the decompression to hyperbaric exposure,the holes were connected to the chamber space,the air pressure was released behind the sealing ring in the groove,the pressure of the sealing ring on the door was relieved,and the door could be easily opened. Results According to this design,an animal chamber with a 900 mm-diameter door was constructed,which could remain air-tight under 1.5 MPa air pressure. Bothe the opening and closing could be finished within 10 seconds. Conclusion Such a chamber is capable of quick opening and closing while ensuring air tightness within the above specifications and working pressure range.