Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells by Interfering with NF-κB and PI3K/AKT Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo

Objective:To explore the influences of andrographolide(Andro)on bladder cancer cell lines and a tumor xenograft mouse model bearing 5637 cells.Methods:For in vitro experiments,T24 cells were stimulated with Andro(0-40μmol/L)and 5637 cells were stimulated with Andro(0 to 80μmol/L).Cell growth,migration,and infiltration were assessed using cel counting kit-8,colony formation,wound healing,and transwel assays.Apoptosis rate was examined using flow cytometry.In in vivo study,the antitumor effect of Andro(10 mg/kg)was evaluated by 5637 tumor-bearing mice,and levels of nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT related-proteins were determined by immunoblotting.Results:Andro suppressed growth,migration,and infiltraion of bladder cancer cells(P 0.05or P 0.01).Additionally,Andro induced intrinsic mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines.Furthermore,Andro inhibited bladder cancer growth in mice(P 0.01).The expression of p65,p-AKT were suppressed by Andro treatment in vitro and in vivo(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Conclusions:Andrographolide inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in bladder cancer cel s by interfering with NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo.