关于禁止滥用优势地位的理论辨析——《电子商务法》第35条的竞争法属性:检视与改造

Theoretical Analysis on the Prohibition of Abusing Dominant Position——The attribute of competition law in Article 35 of the E-commerce Law:Inspection and transformation

我国《电子商务法》第35条以相对优势地位理论为基础,隐含反不正当竞争规则与行业监管规则“二元结构”,将其概括称为“禁止滥用优势地位条款”并不准确,而称为“禁止课以不合理义务条款”更为恰当。将第35条视为《反不正当竞争法》的特别规定,限制了该条款功能的发挥,可能造成理论上的滥用风险与实践中的适用不足相背离。第35条在立法过程中完成了由反不正当竞争规则向行业监管规则的转变,主要调整平台与平台内经营者之间的内部交易关系,保护平台内经营者的利益,其法律责任不能涵盖竞争损害,因而并非《反不正当竞争法》的特别规定。该条款具有规范竞争关系的外溢效应和剩余功能,可基于该条款的“二元结构”对其进行竞争法改造,在禁止滥用优势地位与反不正当竞争进路中选择后者,完善禁止课以不合理义务行为的多元化制度架构。

Article 35 of China’s e-commerce law is based on the theory of comparative advantage and implies the"dual structure"of anti unfair competition rules and industry supervision rules.It is not accurate to call it"the clause prohibiting abuse of dominant position,"but it is more appropriate to call it"the clause prohibiting unreasonable obligation."Regarding Article 35 as a particular provision of the anti unfair competition law limits the function of this provision,which may cause the risk of abuse in theory and insufficient application in practice.Article35 has transformed from anti unfair competition rules to industry supervision rules in the legislative process.It mainly adjusts the internal transaction relationship between the platform and the operators in the platform to protect the interests of the operators in the platform.Article 35legal liability cannot cover competition damage,so it is not a particular anti unfair competition law provision.This clause has the spillover effect and residual function of regulating the competition relationship.It can be transformed into the competition law based on the"dual structure"of this clause,choose the latter in the way of prohibiting the abuse of dominant position and anti unfair competition,and improve the diversified institutional framework of prohibiting the imposition of unreasonable obligations.