全球数字贸易规则立场分歧、治理困境及中国因应

Global Digital Trade Rules Divergence,Governance Dilemma and Chinese Response

随着信息技术的发展,数字贸易已经成为全球贸易的重要形态。当前,全球主要经济体在数字贸易规则上的主张及核心诉求存在较大差异。其中,欧美之间的差异相对较小,欧美与中国之间的差异较大,发达经济体与发展中国家的分歧更大。因此,全球数字贸易规则存在治理困境,包括数字贸易的概念不明、多边数字贸易规则谈判进展缓慢、数字贸易的核心规则分歧过大、数字贸易规则的非贸易问题分歧严重。面对全球数字贸易的治理困境,中国作为数字贸易大国,应主动对接高标准的数字贸易规则,提升参与全球数字贸易规则制定的深度,完善国内数字贸易治理体系和数据安全治理机制,从而不断提升中国在国际数字贸易规则谈判及制定中的影响力。

With the development of information technology,digital trade has become an essential form of global trade.The propositions and core demands of the world’s major economies on digital trade rules are quite different.Among them,the differences between Europe and the United States are relatively small.The differences between Europe and the United States and China are relatively significant.The differences between developed economies and developing countries are larger.Therefore,there are governance dilemmas in global digital trade rules,including the unclear concept of digital trade,slow progress in multilateral digital trade rules negotiations,excessive differences in the core rules of digital trade,and severe differences in non-trade issues of digital trade rules.Faced with the governance dilemma of global digital trade and being as a major digital trade country,China should take the initiative to connect with high-standard digital trade rules,enhance the depth of participation in the formulation of global digital trade rules,and improve the domestic digital trade governance system and data security governance mechanism.In this way,China’s influence in the negotiation and formulation of international digital trade rules has continuously enhanced.