发展科技咨询为本的科学决策:模型、应用与对策

Developing Scientific and Technological Consultation-based Scientific Decision-making:Model,Application and Countermeasures

科技咨询在现代社会科学决策中日益受到重视,通过梳理科技咨询在运行中存在的主要问题及原因,发现科技咨询在我国决策实践中存在机制不健全、科技智库水平有待提升、开放力度不够等问题。应基于现代决策问题的复杂性构建以科技咨询为本的科学决策过程模型,这一模型反映出科学的决策程序既是决策技术应用过程,也是作为决策技术基础的知识、工具和分析手段应用过程,这两个层面的应用过程都需要引入科技咨询,这便是科技咨询作用科学决策的机理。最后,从建立相对独立的科技智库、科技咨询介入决策技术应用的制度、发展决策科技咨询产业和循证决策咨询四个方面完善科技咨询对科学决策的保障作用。

Scientific and technological consultation has been paid more and more attention in modern social science decision-making.By sorting out the main problems and causes existing in the operation of science and technology consultation,this paper discovers that there are some problems in the practice of scientific and technological consultation in China,such as imperfect mechanism,low level of science and technology think tanks,and insufficient openness.Based on the complexity of modern decision-making problems,a scientific decision-making process model based on scientific consultation should be constructed.This model demonstrates that scientific decision-making process is not only the application process of decision-making technology,but also the application process of knowledge,tools and analytical means as the basis of decision-making technology.Both levels of the application process need to incorporate scientific consultation as required by the mechanism of scientific decision-making function of scientific consultation.Finally,the guarantee function of science and technology consultation to scientific decision-making is improved from four aspects:the establishment of relatively independent science and technology think tanks,the system of science and technology consultation involved in the application of decision-making technology,the development of decision-making science and technology consultation industry,and evidence-based decision-making consultation.