从骈散之争到新旧之辨:新文化运动与黄侃文学思想的演进

On the New Culture Movement and the Development of Huang Kan s Literary Thoughts

黄侃与新文化运动的关系虽然经常为人所提及,但其中的复杂性与深刻性并未因此得到揭示。1917年以前,黄侃原本在与姚永朴等桐城派人物争骈散,新文化运动的兴起渐渐消除了他与桐城派的矛盾而使他将关注点转移至新旧之辨。黄侃的名著《文心雕龙札记》的出版远不止是与桐城派争论的产物,通过仔细分析可以发现,其中有相当多的内容其实针对的是新旧文学问题。此书与他的日记、书信等一起,以一种“潜对话”的方式,对被视为新文学理论奠基石的《文学改良刍议》所提出的诸如摹古与进化、用典与才华、雅言与俗语等几大主题进行了深入的思考。新文化运动不但没有阻遏黄侃,而且从反面让他跳出了与桐城派争骈散的狭小圈子,使他突破了新旧二元对立的狭隘格局,朝向了对中国文学未来发展的深远思考。

Although the relationship between Huang Kan and the New Culture Movement was often mentioned,its complexity and profundity have not been revealed.Before 1917,Huang Kan was competing with Yao Yongpu and other figures of the Tongcheng School,but the rise of the New Culture Movement gradually eliminated their contradiction,and made him shift his focus to the discrimination between the new and the old literature.The publication of Huang Kan s famous book“Notes on Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind”was far from the product of debate with the Tongcheng School.Through careful analysis,it could be found that a considerable amount of the book s content were actually targeted at the issues of the old and new literature.Together with his diaries and letters,this book made an in-depth reflection on several major themes in the way of“potential dialogues”,such as imitation and evolution,allusion and talent,elegant words and vernacular language etc.,which were put forward by“Several Opinions on Literary Improvement”,regarded as the cornerstone of the new literary theory.The New Culture Movement did not stop Huang Kan,but made him go beyond the narrow circle of competing with the Tongcheng School from the opposite side,and further helped him break through the narrow horizon of the binary opposition between the new and the old literature,and move towards a far-reaching meditation on the future development of Chinese literature.