新疆沙尘暴研究进展

Research Advance of Sandstorm in Xinjiang

沙尘暴是风蚀荒漠化中的一种天气现象,既是加速土地荒漠化的重要过程,又是土地荒漠化发展到一定程度的具体体现。新疆地处我国西北干旱、半干旱区,是我国荒漠化土地最多的省区,也是风沙危害最严重的地区之一。重点论述了新疆地区沙尘暴的若干研究进展,从6个方面对沙尘暴的形成及研究现状进行综述,即新疆沙尘暴气候背景、长期变化趋势、分布、沙漠近地层起沙输送机制、沙尘暴监测技术、沙漠大气边界层与陆面过程研究进展、沙尘暴数值预报模式优化及数值模拟研究;并论述了目前面临的问题及短板,提出了沙尘暴科学研究的未来展望。

Sandstorm is a weather phenomenon in wind erosion desertification.It is not only an important process of accelerating land desertification,but also a concrete manifestation of the development of land desertification to a certain extent.Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest in China.It is the province with the most desertification land in China and one of the most severely damaged areas by sandstorms.This article focuses on the research progress of sand and dust storms in Xinjiang,and summarizes the formation and research status of sand and dust storms from six aspects,namely,the climate background and long-term change trend of sand and dust storms in Xinjiang,the distribution,the transportation mechanism of sand and dust near the surface of the desert,and the monitoring technology of sand and dust storms,desert atmospheric boundary layer and land surface process research progress,sand and dust storm numerical forecast model optimization and numerical simulation research.And discusses the current problems and shortcomings,and proposes prospect.