秋季海南省新英港红树林湿地的海洋线虫群落结构研究

Studies on the Community Structure of Xinying Port (Hainan Province) Mangrove Wetland Marine Nematodes in Autumn

为初步探究海洋线虫分布的纬度差异、海洋线虫群落是否受红树植物沉积物的影响及补充海南省红树林湿地的海洋线虫群落结构的研究资料,于2020年秋季在海南省新英港红树林湿地设置的3个断面采集沉积物样品,对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量及海洋线虫群落结构和多样性等进行研究。研究共鉴定出5个以上的小型底栖动物类群,分别为海洋线虫、多毛类、寡毛类、桡足类、动吻类以及其他未鉴定类群。小型底栖动物总平均丰度为(1 067.3±844.6) ind·10 cm^(-2)。海洋线虫为最优势类群,占小型底栖动物丰度的98.92%。共鉴定出海洋线虫36种,隶属于15科29属。优势种为宽交接器三齿线虫(Trissonchulus latispiculum)、短毛裸口线虫(Anoplostoma tumidum)、Ptycholaimellus sp.、短毛吞咽线虫(Daptonema brevisetosum)和Adoncholaimus sp.。优势属(优势度≥5%)为三齿线虫属(Trissonchulus)、吞咽线虫属(Daptonema)、折咽线虫属(Ptycholaimellus)、拟囊咽线虫属(Parasphaerolaimus)、近瘤线虫属(Adoncholaimus)、裸口线虫属(Anoplostoma)、扎洛线虫属(Zalonema)和微口线虫属(Terschellingia),其优势度分别为22.78%、11.09%、10.40%、8.23%、6.66%、6.16%、5.47%和5.18%。新英港红树林湿地的海洋线虫摄食类型丰度百分比由高到低依次为:捕食者或杂食者(2B型)>非选择性沉积食性者(1B型)>刮食者或硅藻捕食者(2A型)>选择性沉积食性者(1A型)。新英港红树林湿地海洋线虫的群落结构与不同红树植物形成的沉积物有关。

In order to preliminarily explore the latitude difference of marine nematode distribution, possible influence of mangrove plant sediments on marine nematode community and to enlarge the research results of marine nematode community structure in mangrove wetland of Hainan Province, in the autumn of 2020, 3 transects were set up in the mangrove wetland of Danzhou Xinying Port, Hainan Province, to collect sediment samples to study the group composition, abundance, biomass, and marine nematode community structure and diversity of meiofauna. More than 5 groups of meiofauna were identified in the study, which included marine nematode, polychaete, oligochaete, copepoda and Kinarhyncha. The total average abundance of meiofauna is (1 067.3±844.6) ind·10 cm^(-2). Marine nematodes were the most dominant group, which accounted for 98.92% of the abundance of meiofauna. A total of 36 species of marine nematodes were identified, which belonged to 29 genera, 15 families. The dominant species are Trissonchulus latispiculum, Anoplostoma tumidum, Ptycholaimellus sp., Daptonema brevisetosum and Adoncholaimus sp.. The dominant genera (dominance≥5%) are Trissonchulus, Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Parasphaerolaimus, Adoncholaimus, Anoplostoma, Zalonema and Terschellingia. Their dominance are 22.78%, 11.09%, 10.40%, 8.23%, 6.66%, 6.16%, 5.47% and 5.18%, respectively. The changes in the abundance in percentage of marine nematode feeding types in the mangrove wetland of Xinying Port ranged from high to low as follows 2B>1B>2A>1A. The results showed that the community structure of marine nematodes in mangrove wetland was related to the sediment environment of different mangrove plants in Xinying Port.