航天薄壁镂空零件加工工艺探索

Exploration on Processing Technology of Aerospace Thin-wall Hollow Parts

航空航天行业对于装备轻量化多功能结构设计有着近乎苛刻的要求。而薄壁件由于其刚度小、易产生变形、材料去除率大等特点,导致加工过程中的装夹和变形控制一直是困扰加工者的难题。影响此类零件加工精度的因素很多,包括工件自身的结构特点、切削力、装夹系统的夹紧力等。以一种航天薄壁镂空零件为例,针对镂空薄壁结构的刚度小、易变形、材料去除率大等问题,采用正交试验方法寻找合适的加工参数。详细介绍了加工工艺制定、专用工装设计、切削参数选择的过程。通过制作专用工装夹具达到较好的应用效果,可为类似零件的加工提供参考。

The aerospace industry has had strict requirements for the lightweight and multi-functional structure design of the equipment,but thin-walled parts,due to its low rigidity,easy deformation,high material removal rate and other characteristics,led to the process of clamping and deformation controlling having been a difficult problem for the processor.There were many factors that affected the machining accuracy of such parts including the structural characteristics of the work piece,cutting force,clamping force of the clamping system,etc.Took an aerospace thin-wall hollow-out part for example,and aimed at the process such as low rigidity,easy deformation,high material removal rate and so on,the proper machining parameters were found by orthogonal experiment.It was introduced in details that the process of making processing technology,designing special tooling and selecting cutting parameters.The better application effect was achieved by making special fixture,which provided reference for the similar parts machining.