乡村教师定向培养政策:价值、前提与风险

Value,Premise and Risks of Directed Cultivation of Rural Teachers

乡村教师定向培养有助于改善乡村教师队伍困境、储备乡村教育发展人力资本、平衡教师教育改革政策代价、弥补其他补充渠道缺陷。对定向师范生高考志愿选择自主性、高校乡村教师培养经验和大学生社会化过程乡村教师定向培养政策目标实现的政策前提进行反思,发现存在以下政策风险:高考志愿选择的“非自主性”,不利于激发大学生在校学习动力,也不便于学校甄选优秀乡村定向师范生;高校欠缺乡村教师培养经验,会相对拉低乡村定向师范生毕业水平,给乡村孩子带来新的不公平;乡村定向师范生社会化过程的城市化特点,不利于培养乡村教师职业情感、树立乡村教育思维、涵养乡村教师特质。建议对政策进行微调,吸引有志乡村教育的优秀生源、允许乡村定向师范生更换专业、提升大学教师的乡村教育教学素养、注重定向师范生培养的乡村特色。

Rural teachers’directed cultivation is helpful to rural teachers’team construction,human capital of rural education development and the compensation of cost of teacher education reform policy,and makes up for the defects of other supplementary channels.Based on the analysis of the preconditions for the realization of policy goals such as the subjectivity in choosing college majors,the cultivation ability of universities and the socialization process of college students,this paper finds that there exist following policy risks:firstly,the non-subjectivity of rural-directed students in choosing college majors fails to stimulate their learning motivation and thus hinders universities’selecting excellent rural-directed students;secondly,the lack of rural teacher cultivation experience in universities may lower rural-directed graduates level which would cause new unfairness to rural children;thirdly,the urbanization happened in their socialization process hinders the cultivation of rural-directed students’professional emotion,the establishment of rural education thinking and the cultivation of rural teachers’characteristics.Therefore,it is suggested to adjust the policy to attract outstanding students who are interested in rural education,allow rural-directed students to change majors,improve university teachers’quality in rural education and teaching,and focus on the rural characteristics of rural-directed cultivation,so that the policy goals can be better achieved.