滨海蓝碳碳汇项目开发现状及推动我国蓝碳碳汇项目开发的建议

Progress of coastal wetland blue carbon projects in carbon market and advice on facilitating the development of blue carbon projects in China

市场机制是实现蓝碳及蓝碳生态系统价值的有效途径,对于发挥蓝碳生态系统在应对气候变化方面的作用具有积极意义。本文梳理了当前碳市场中蓝碳碳汇项目的发展机遇和项目开发的现状,并就我国蓝碳碳汇项目开发面临的问题进行分析并提出建议,以期为推进蓝碳碳汇项目开发和市场发展提供科学参考。当前,清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)和核证碳标准(Verified Carbon Standard,VCS)都已开发了蓝碳碳汇项目或可用于蓝碳碳汇项目的方法学,并开发了多个CDM、VCS和Plan Vivo Standard认证的红树林碳汇项目。我国已成功开发并交易了首个蓝碳碳汇项目“湛江红树林造林项目”,并且将继续推动蓝碳碳汇项目的开发和交易市场的发展。但我国在碳汇项目开发上存在项目规模小、证明项目额外性时具有一定的不确定性、蓝碳资源管理机构作为碳减排量所有者和交易主体自主支配碳汇收益受到限制等不利因素。对此,建议可通过加强营造蓝碳碳汇项目开发的良好环境,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用以及政府的引导作用,吸引社会资本参与生态保护修复,鼓励社会资金投资或购买项目生产的效益,拓宽蓝碳生态系统保护修复资金渠道等措施,推进我国蓝碳碳汇交易市场的发展。

Carbon market mechanism is an effective way to realize the value of blue carbon and blue carbon ecosy-stem,which is important to play the role of blue carbon ecosystem in coping with climate change.In this paper,we overview the opportunity and progress of blue carbon projects(BCPs)and propose advice on facilitating the deve-lopment of BCPs in the current carbon market according to the problems faced by the BCP development in China.Currently,methodologies have been approved under Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)and Verified Carbon Standard(VCS)for BCP,and numerous BCPs have been developed worldwide verified by CDM,VCS and Plan Vivo Standard.In 2021,China has successfully developed and traded the first BCP,“Zhanjiang mangrove affores-tation project”,and will continuously facilitate the development of BCPs.However,many challenges still exist and limit the administrative ability to promote implementation of more BCPs.For example,the BCPs usually have comparatively small scale and face uncertainties in approval of additionality.Moreover,as owners of emission reduction credits and major entities on the trading market,the management agencies of blue carbon resources are limited in disposal of financial benefits from carbon trading.Therefore,we recommend a favorable environment for BCP development,and emphasize the role of the market mechanism in resource allocation and the guiding role of the government to promote the development of blue carbon market of China.In addition,to attract more funds from the private sectors to participate in protection and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems,to encourage them to invest or purchase carbon credits and to broaden the investment sources for protection and restoration activities are also important in the development of blue carbon market of China.