全球海洋中心城市建设评价指标体系优化及其比较分析——以大连、青岛、上海、宁波、厦门、深圳为例

The Optimization of Evaluation Index System of Construction of China′s Global Marine Central Cities and Their Comparative Analysis

打造“全球海洋中心城市”是提升我国对外开放水平和国际竞争力的重要战略途径,我国部分沿海城市已陆续提出要建设全球海洋中心城市的目标。论文通过对全球海洋中心城市内涵和特征的探讨,在借鉴国内外关于海洋城市、中心城市和全球城市评价体系等相关研究成果基础上,对全球海洋中心城市指标体系进行优化,构建了包含海洋综合实力、中心竞争力和国际影响力三个子系统的全球海洋中心城市评价指标体系。以目前已经提出全球海洋中心城市建设目标的大连、青岛、上海、宁波、厦门、深圳六个沿海城市为例,采用熵值法和模糊物元模型对样本城市的全球海洋中心城市建设水平进行综合评价与比较,引用耦合协调度模型对全球海洋中心城市三个子系统协调发展的程度进行耦合评价。研究结果表明:(1)六个城市在全球海洋中心城市建设水平综合排序中相对稳定,上海、深圳位于前两位,城市间三个子系统的评价值差异性比较显著;(2)除上海外,其他五个城市整体耦合协调水平不够高,多处于濒临失调或失调状态;(3)该指标体系能够有效地反映出全球海洋中心城市建设水平的实际状况,具有一定的实用性。

Building a"global marine central city"is an important strategic approach to improving China′s opening-up level and international competitiveness.Some coastal cities in our country have successively put forward the goal of building a global marine central city.Based on the relevant research results at home and abroad on marine cities,central cities and global urban evaluation system,the paper discussed the connotation and characteristics of global marine central cities,optimized the index system of global marine central cities and constructed a global marine central city evaluation index system including three subsystems:marine comprehensive strength,central competitiveness and international influence.Taking six coastal cities of Dalian,Qingdao,Shanghai,Ningbo,Xiamen and Shenzhen as examples,the authors used the entropy method and the fuzzy matter-element model to comprehensively evaluate and compare the construction of the global marine central cities,and then employed the coupling coordination degree model to evaluate the coordinated development of the three subsystems of global marine central cities.The results show that the comprehensive ranking of the six cities in the construction of global marine central cities is relatively stable,Shanghai and Shenzhen are in the top two,and the evaluation values of the three subsystems among cities are significantly different.Except for Shanghai,the overall coupling and coordination level of the five cities is not high enough,and most of them are on the verge of imbalance or imbalanced.The index system can effectively reflect the actual situation of the construction of global marine central cities,and has some practical value.