两阶段木质托盘闭环供应链合作策略研究

Research on cooperation strategy of wooden pallet closed-loop supply chain considering government subsidies

【目的】随着物流业高速发展,托盘的应用范围迅速拓宽,其中木质托盘使用最为广泛,其大量消耗带来的问题也日益突出。对木质托盘的回收再利用进行管理一方面可以降低企业管理成本,履行企业社会责任,另一方面还可以有效节约森林资源,由此可见,构建绿色高效的木质托盘循环再利用系统十分必要且迫切,也是物流业突破发展困境,实现现代化发展的关键。【方法】在考虑政府补贴的情况下,针对由木质托盘制造企业(M)、木质托盘流通企业(R)、木质托盘使用企业和第三方回收企业(T)所构成的木质托盘闭环供应链(CLSC)系统,运用博弈论方法构建了两阶段下的木质托盘闭环供应链博弈模型,比较分析了4种不同合作策略(Model C、Model D、Model MR、Model MT)对木质托盘闭环供应链决策的影响。【结果】两阶段下木质托盘的销售价格、需求量、回收比例均在Model C下达到最优,Model C可以给木质托盘使用企业带来更多福利;随着木质托盘使用企业购买环保木质托盘意识程度提升,木质托盘的环保水平和需求量随之提高,且第一阶段下的环保水平高于第二阶段,两阶段中Model C和Model MR下木质托盘的环保水平始终优于Model D和Model MT;政府同时补贴木质托盘制造企业和木质托盘流通企业时,补贴木质托盘制造企业有助于更多地降低销售价格,提高木质托盘环保水平,对环保木质托盘市场的扩大和发展具有积极作用,而补贴第三方回收企业有利于提高木质托盘的回收比例,促进木材资源回收再利用;合作联盟策略下联盟整体总是可以获得更高的利润,且在提升联盟整体利润的同时也能提高木质托盘闭环供应链另一参与企业的利润。【结论】合理的政府补贴能有效地激励木质托盘闭环供应链上各企业投身于回收再制造活动,从而促进木质托盘闭环供应链的健康有序发展。合作战略联盟有助于实现企业的互利共赢,提升供应链竞争力,在由木质托盘制造企业(M)、木质托盘流通企业(R)、木质托盘使用企业(C)和第三方回收企业(T)组成的木质托盘CLSC系统中,木质托盘流通企业是木质托盘制造企业理想的战略合作伙伴。

【Objective】With the rapid development of logistics industry,the application range of pallets is expanding rapidly.Among them,the wooden pallets are the most widely used,and the problems caused by their massive consumption have become increasingly prominent.On one hand,the management of the recycling and reuse of wooden pallets can reduce corporate management costs and fulfill corporate social responsibilities.On the other hand,it can also effectively save forest resources.It can be seen that it is necessary and urgent to build a green and efficient wooden pallet recycling system,which is also the key to the logistics industry to break through the development dilemma and achieve modern development.【Method】Considering the government’s subsidies,the wooden pallet closedloop supply chain(CLSC)system composed of wooden pallet manufacturers(M),wooden pallet distributors(R),wooden pallet users and third-party recycling companies(T)was taken as the research object.The game theory method was used to establish a two-stage closedloop supply chain cooperation game model of wooden pallets,and the influence of four different cooperation strategies(Model C/Model D/Model MR/Model MT)on the wooden pallet closed-loop supply chain decision-making was compared and analyzed.【Result】The sales price,demand,and recycling ratio of wooden pallets in the two-stage were all optimized under Model C,which can bring more benefits to consumers.As wooden pallet users have increased their awareness of purchasing environmentally friendly wooden pallets,the green level and demand of wooden pallets have also increased,and the green level in the first stage is higher than that in the second stage.In the two-stage,the green level of wooden pallets under Model C and Model MR was always better than Model D and Model MT.When the government subsidizes both wooden pallet manufacturers and wooden pallet distributors,subsidizing wooden pallet manufacturers can help reduce sales price and improve the green of wooden pallets greatly,which have a positive effect on the green product market expansion and development,and subsidizing third-party recycling companies can help increase the recycling rate of wooden pallets,and promote the recycling and reuse of wood resources.Under the cooperative alliance strategy,the alliance as a whole can always obtain higher profits,and while increasing the overall profit of the alliance,it can also increase the profit of another participating company in the closed-loop supply chain of wooden pallets.【Conclusion】Reasonable government subsidies can effectively encourage companies in the closed-loop supply chain of wooden pallets to devote themselves to recycling and remanufacturing activities,thereby promoting the healthy and orderly development of the closed-loop supply chain of wooden pallets.The strategic alliance of cooperation is helpful to realize mutual benefit and win-win of companies and enhance the competitiveness of the supply chain.In the wooden pallets CLSC system composed of wooden pallet manufacturers(M),wooden pallet distributors(R),wooden pallet users and third-party recycling companies(T),wooden pallet distributors are the ideal strategic partner for wooden pallet manufacturers.