清洁生产环境规制与企业环境绩效——基于工业企业污染排放数据的实证检验

Cleaner Production Environment Regulation and Enterprise Environment Performance-An Empirical Test based on Pollution Discharge Data of Industrial Enterprises

推动企业清洁生产对实现中国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。利用2003年开始实施的行业清洁生产标准这一准自然实验,基于1998—2012年中国工业企业数据库和企业污染排放数据库匹配数据,采用多期双重差分法对清洁生产环境规制的环境治理效果进行评估。研究表明:清洁生产环境规制降低了企业污染排放强度,且这一减排效应在东部地区、国有、大规模及高耗能企业,在高技术和重污染行业中更为明显。进一步探究企业污染减排的内在机制,研究发现,清洁生产环境规制的实施能够倒逼企业从事绿色技术创新活动,提高绿色全要素生产率进而实现污染减排,这为“波特假说”提供了微观层面的证据支持。此外,清洁生产环境规制通过强化市场选择机制加速了企业的优胜劣汰,这表现为清洁生产环境规制所形成的资金和技术壁垒提高了行业准入门槛,阻碍潜在企业的进入。对于在位企业而言,清洁生产环境规制在降低高生产率企业退出市场概率的同时也迫使低生产率企业不得不退出市场。

Promoting clean production of enterprises is of great significance to achieving high-quality economic development.In this article,using the quasi-natural test of the industrial cleaner production standard,which has been gradually implemented in 2003,based on the 1998—2012 data of Chinese industrial enterprises and enterprises’pollution emissions database,a multi-period DID method was used to evaluate the environmental governance effects of cleaner production environment regulation.Research shows that cleaner production environment regulation has reduced the intensity of enterprises’pollution emissions,and this emission reduction effect is more pronounced in eastern regions,state-owned,large-scale and high-energy-consuming enterprises,and high-tech and heavily polluting industries.Further exploration of the internal mechanism of enterprise pollution reduction finds that the implementation of cleaner production environment regulation can force enterprises to engage in green technology innovation activities to achieve pollution reduction,which provides micro-level evidence support for the“Porter Hypothesis”.In addition,cleaner production environment regulation has accelerated the survival of the fittest by strengthening the market selection mechanism.This is manifested in the financial and technical barriers formed by cleaner production environment regulation that has raised the barriers to industry entry and hindered the entry of potential companies.For incumbent companies,cleaner production environment regulation reduces the probability of high-productivity companies’exiting the market while forcing low-productivity companies to exit the market.