2018—2021年宁波市成人吸烟情况调查

Prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021

目的了解2018—2021年宁波市成人吸烟情况,为完善控烟政策和评估控烟效果提供依据。方法于2018—2021年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取宁波市10个县(市、区)15~69岁常住居民为调查对象,采用《全国居民健康素养和烟草流行监测调查问卷》调查人口学资料、吸烟行为和二手烟暴露情况;采用2010年第六次全国人口普查数据标化。分析2018—2021年宁波市成人吸烟率、戒烟率、二手烟暴露率及其变化趋势。结果2018—2021年有效问卷分别为6581份、6340份、6380份、6400份,有效率分别为99.20%、97.46%、97.76%和98.02%。调查对象男女性别比分别为1∶1.05、1∶1.07、1∶1.05和1∶1.14;城乡人口比分别为1∶0.75、1∶0.62、1∶0.60和1∶0.78。现在吸烟率分别为21.99%、21.42%、22.07%和20.30%,标化率分别为22.03%、20.12%、21.33%和19.38%,无明显变化趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=3.751,P=0.053)。农村居民现在吸烟率高于城市居民,男性现在吸烟率高于女性(均P<0.05)。戒烟率分别为24.44%、27.11%、26.97%和29.59%,标化率分别为21.96%、26.90%、24.92%和28.38%,呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=11.193,P=0.001)。二手烟暴露率分别为52.40%、50.18%、48.99%和44.58%,标化率分别为54.08%、51.45%、49.95%和46.76%,呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=62.094,P<0.001)。结论2018—2021年宁波市成人现在吸烟率在20%左右平稳波动,二手烟暴露呈下降趋势,戒烟率呈上升趋势。农村男性居民是控烟干预重点人群。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021,so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the tobacco control policy and evaluating the effectiveness of the tobacco control policy.Methods The permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited from 10 counties(districts)in Ningbo City using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 2018 to 2021,and subjects'demographic features,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were collected using the National Questionnaire for Surveillance on Healthy Literacy and Tobacco Epidemic in Chinese Residents.All data were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census in 2010.The prevalence of smoking,smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke and the trends for the prevalence were estimated among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021.Results A total of 6581,6340,6380 and 6400 valid questionnaires were recovered from 2018 to 2021,and the effective recovery rates were 99.20%,97.46%,97.76%and 98.02%,respectively.The respondents had male to female ratios of 1∶1.05,1∶1.07,1∶1.05 and 1∶1.14,and had urban-rural population ratios of 1∶0.75,1∶0.62,1∶0.60 and 1∶0.78 from 2018 to 2021,respectively.The prevalence of current smoking was 21.99%,21.42%,22.07%and 20.30%,and the standardized preva⁃lence was 22.03%,20.12%,21.33%and 19.38%from 2018 to 2021,respectively,appearing no significant changing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=3.751,P=0.053).The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among rural residents than among urban residents,and higher in men than in women(all P<0.05).The prevalence of smoking cessation was 24.44%,27.11%,26.97%and 29.59%,and the standardized prevalence was 21.96%,26.90%,24.92%and 28.38%from 2018 to 2021,appearing a tendency towards a rise(χ^(2)_(trend)=11.193,P=0.001).The prevalence of exposure to second⁃hand smoke was 52.40%,50.18%,48.99%and 44.58%,and the standardized prevalence was 54.08%,51.45%,49.95%and 46.76%from 2018 to 2021,showing a tendency towards a decline(χ^(2)_(trend)=62.094,P<0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of current smoking was approximately 20%among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021,with a tenden⁃cy towards a decline in the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke and a tendency towards a rise in the preva⁃lence of smoking cessation.Rural male residents are key targets for tobacco control.