南山区居民吸烟行为影响因素分析

Influencing factors of smoking behaviors among residents in Nanshan District

目的了解深圳市南山区居民吸烟行为及影响因素,为开展控烟工作提供依据。方法于2018年7—11月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取南山区17个社区18岁以上常住居民为调查对象;采用2018年中国成人慢性病与营养监测个人问卷调查居民吸烟、戒烟和二手烟暴露情况;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析现在吸烟的影响因素。结果发放问卷1700份,回收有效问卷1625份,回收有效率为95.59%。调查男性714人,女性911人,男女比为1∶1.27;年龄为(45.13±13.59)岁。现在吸烟率为15.51%,其中男性为28.15%,女性为5.60%;开始每日吸烟年龄为(21.00±5.52)岁;日均吸烟(13.53±9.15)支;戒烟率为6.58%,其中男性为10.64%,女性为3.40%;二手烟暴露率为41.42%,其中男性为46.63%,女性为37.32%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,初中文化程度(OR=1.683,95%CI:1.088~2.602)、高中/中专/技校文化程度(OR=1.687,95%CI:1.185~2.402)、农民(OR=2.514,95%CI:1.404~4.500)、商业服务业人员(OR=1.939,95%CI:1.093~3.439)与现在吸烟有统计学关联。结论南山区居民现在吸烟率较低,其中女性现在吸烟率比全国水平高。文化程度和职业是南山区居民现在吸烟的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the status and identify the influencing factors of smoking behaviors among residents in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City,so as to provide insights into tobacco control.Methods Permanent residents at ag⁃es of more than 18 years were recruited from 17 communities in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City using the stratified multistage random sampling method from July to November,2018.Participants'demographic features,smoking,smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke were collected using the Individual Questionnaire for 2018 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance.The factors affecting current smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results Totally 1700 questionnaires were allocated,and 1625 valid questionnaires were re⁃covered,with an effective recovery rate of 95.59%.The respondents included 714 men and 911 women,with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.27,and had a mean age of(45.13±13.59)years.The prevalence of current smoking was 15.51%,with 28.15%prevalence in men and 5.60%in women.The mean age of starting daily smoke was(21.00±5.52)years,and the mean daily smoking frequency was(13.53±9.15)cigarettes/d.The prevalence of smoking cessation was 6.58%,with 10.64%in men and 3.40%in women,and the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke was 41.42%,includ⁃ing 46.63%in men and 37.32%in women.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that an educational level of junior high school(OR=1.683,95%CI:1.088-2.602),an educational level of high school/technical secondary school/voca⁃tional school(OR=1.687,95%CI:1.185-2.402),an occupation of farmers(OR=2.514,95%CI:1.404-4.500),and an oc⁃cupation of commercial and service personnel(OR=1.939,95%CI:1.093-3.439)were associated with current smoking.Conclusion The prevalence of current smoking is low among residents in Nanshan District,but the prevalence of cur⁃rent smoking in women is higher than the national level.Educational level and occupation are main factors affecting current smoking.