“语言在说话”--海德格尔存在论语言观探究

“Language Speaks”:An Ideological Exploration of Heidegger’s Ontological View of Language

海德格尔思想“转向”之后,“语言”由一个边缘性话题转而成为核心性话题,“语言”被赋予了两种含义:“普通语言”和“源初语言”。为了重新发现“源初语言”或找到通达它的道路,海德格尔回到西方思想的开端处,从古希腊的“残篇断简”中“倾听”一种古老的“道说”。早期海德格尔主要解析“形而上学史”,运用一种“表达(语言)策略”,以“显示”实际的生命处境。后期海德格尔由“存在之真理”突入“语言生成”,强调其中遮蔽/解蔽的同一性及其“二重性”运动,指出哲学是别具一格的语言书写方式,即“诗—思合一”;在倾听“诗”与“思”对存在之源始的“应合”中,生成作为存在之词语的“语言”,这种“语言”无声地聚集万物,而自己言说、自身显现,既澄明又遮蔽地“显示”世界。在海德格尔看来,德语与希腊语之间有着直接的血缘关系;为了真正地“进入语言的说中”,他悉心锻造一种神秘而诗性的德语,使它具有一种更为源初的可能性,唤醒人们直面存在,倾听并回应存在。

After the“turn”of Heidegger’s thought,“language”went from being a marginal topic to a core topic,which was endowed with two meanings,“common language”and“primitive lan-guage”.To rediscover the“primitive language”or find access to it,Heidegger went back to the beginning of Western thought and“listened”to an ancient“sagen”from the“fragments of texts”in ancient Greece.In his early days,Heidegger mainly analyzed“metaphysical history”and used an“expressive(verbal)strategy”to“show”the actual life situation.In the later period,Heideg-ger made a breakthrough from“the truth of being”into“language generation”,emphasizing the i-dentity of masking/unmasking and its“duality”movement.He pointed out that philosophy is a u-nique way of language writing,that is,“integration of poetry and thinking”.In listening to the“correspondence”of“poetry”and“thinking”to the origin of existence,the“language”as words of existence is generated.This“language”silently aggregates everything,and it speaks and re-veals itself,which both clearly and covertly“shows”the world.In Heidegger’s view,there is a direct blood relationship of language between German and Greek;in order to really“get into the speech of the language”,he carefully forged a mysterious and poetic German,making it return to a more primitive possibility and awakening people to face up to,listen to and respond to the exist-ence.