基于Grasshopper平台的数据可视化在城市设计中的研究与实践

Research and Application of Data Visualization in Urban Design Based on Grasshopper

随着数字时代的来临,基于Grasshopper的数据可视化技术是近年来新兴的数据表达方法,其作为城市设计者常用的基本可视化技术之一,极大地提高了决策过程与设计成果的科学准确性、实操可行性及可持续适应性,在城市设计中发挥着不可替代的作用,并将持续作为城市设计的主导媒介。本研究概述了数据可视化的发展历程及Grasshopper数据可视化在城市设计领域中的应用现状,梳理了基于Grasshopper平台的数据提取和筛选的基本流程,并对城市数据采集平台、数据格式和数据处理方法进行了比较。最后,总结出“数据写入、数据整合和结构处理、可视化模型构建、可视化变量选择和处理”4步流程模式,并应用于两个城市尺度的可视化实践——“伦敦各地区和英国主要地区家庭年平均收入数据可视化”和“伦敦主要树种数量及分布情况与对应家庭收入的可视化”。基于Grasshopper的数据可视化结果具有很强的表现力,可用于场地背景挖掘、数据动态对比等方面,为研究提供数据驱动基础与科学背景。Grasshopper进行数据可视化,具有极强的可拓展性、可编程性、可修改性,在数据驱动下的城市设计与规划领域具有良好的应用前景和开发潜力。虽然近些年Grasshopper的功能日渐强大,但其在数据可视化领域仍有着不容忽视的缺陷,仍需更多相关研究者和开发人员继续挖掘其深入潜力并进一步应用于实践。

With the advent of the digital era,Grasshopper-based data visualization technology has been an emerging data representation method in recent years.It greatly improves the scientifc accuracy,practical feasibility,and sustainable adaptability of the decision-making process and design results.It plays an irreplaceable role in urban planning and design as one of the basic visualization techniques for urban planners.This study outlines the development history of data visualization and the current application status of Grasshopper data visualization in urban planning and design,compares the basic process of data extraction and screening based on the Grasshopper platform,and compares urban data collection platforms,data formats,and data processing methods.Finally,the four-step process model of “data preparation,data integration,and structural processing,visualization model construction,visualization variable selection,and processing”is summarized and applied to two urban-scale visualization practices:“visualization of average annual household income data in London and UK”and“number and distribution of major tree species in London with corresponding household income visualization.”The Grasshopper-based data visualization results are highly expressive.They can be used for site context mining and dynamic data comparison,providing a data-driven foundation and scientifc context for research.The extreme extensibility,programmability,and modifability of data visualization using Grasshopper have good application prospects and development potential in the feld of data-driven urban design and planning.Although Grasshopper has become more and more potent in recent years,it still has shortcomings in the feld of data visualization that cannot be ignored.More researchers and developers are needed to further tap its potential and put it into practice.